A&E Television Networks Essay

As per Annie Leibovitz, the image that was picked for the front of the magazine was not purposefully or intentionally taken. The image, as indicated by Leibovitz, was just a â€Å"meter perusing. † (Leibovitz) However, at long last, it was still picked to be spread gone for the magazine in light of the image’s openness and simple nature. We as a whole realize that John Lennon was an individual from The Beatles, one of the best music symbols ever. Being an individual from musical gang during that time implied adjusting an open picture or notoriety that reverberate the â€Å"rock and roll† sort of life, conduct, and mentality, particularly on the grounds that Lennon was amazingly well known during that time. In any case, Leibovitz’ photo of Lennon was a long way from the built up picture of a well known artist who coincidentally was a piece of The Beatles. The picture was plain and straightforward as in there were no intensely inferred messages or impressions. Despite the fact that individuals would not know who Lennon was truly as an individual, the image appeared to depict who he was †unbounded by popularity and fame. Leibovitz was effectively ready to catch a specific demeanor of Lennon’s legit, extreme however implied quality and impact. Leibovitz’ capacity to bring a particular sort of amazing, individual, unmistakable, and genuine character, as reflected in Lennon’s picture, have hardened what her identity was, just as her vision and imagination, as a craftsman and a picture taker. The Rise to Fame Following two years of working for the â€Å"Rolling Stone,† Leibovitz turned into the magazine’s boss picture taker. From the basic and reasonable picture that she took of John Lennon, she had the option to go past what she knew about photography and advance representation photography into something particular and imaginative. (A&E Television Networks, p. 1) Leibovitz had the freedom to create and improve her abilities, and yet convey photos that verged on imagination and inventiveness. She started accepting captivating and expand pictures instead of the basic and dreary picture of Lennon. John Lennon and Yoko Ono Rolling Stone (22 Jan 1981) By Annie Leibovitz <http://www. rollingstone. com/photographs/exhibition/5392223/1981_rolling_stone_covers/photograph/1/huge/elvispresley> The pictures taken by Leibovitz from that point on were intense and present day. The image that she took of Lennon and his better half, Yoko Ono, for the front of â€Å"Rolling Stone† in January 2981, spoke to Leibovitz investigation of the contemporary styles and ways to deal with representation photography. Another key component of Leibovitz’ works was that the emphasis is consistently on various types of connections, character, and feelings. In this specific picture of Lennon and Ono, Leibovitz needed to draw out the solid ties that quandary the two individuals together as accomplices. Lennon and Ono additionally depicted various jobs inside the sort of relationship showed in the picture through non-verbal communication. Leibovitz saw the affectability and powerlessness of Lennon as he clank to Ono, and Ono’s quality in withstanding the virus. (Leibovitz, 2) The fair and unassuming component spoke to in the image was the solid and relentless love or enthusiasm among Lennon and Ono. As Leibovitz’ vocation propels, her works additionally become provocative on a more stupendous, bigger scope. Some state that Leibovitz’ photos were just picture encircling the allure and fabulousness of a hybrid of Hollywood and Rock-and-Roll way of life as most representations taken by Leibovitz were very compelling and driven. (Stevens, p. 99) As Leibovitz got reactions and acknowledgment for her works, the consideration on the photos taken by her heightened, thus did her aesthetic dreams and motivations. In the event that one would take the most dubious photos taken by Leibovitz during the time of her vocation, one regular subject that unites those pictures under a solitary topic would be unpretentious yet aesthetic nakedness. The presence of nakedness in Leibovitz’ pictures has been one of the essential reasons why her works have gotten a lot of consideration from different gatherings and people, yet in addition the motivation behind why her dreams and motivations stay to be that of the interpretation of genuineness and consistency through workmanship. C Bette Midler Whoopi Goldberg (1979) (1984) New York Magazine, 1983 The Wall Street Journal, 2008 Coming to Terms with the True Essence of Portrait Photography However, in spite of the creativity and radical messages that Leibovitz shot through her photos, her gifts were immediately classified and decided under provocative pictures, which were sold and caught consideration just in view of nakedness. Leibovitz out of nowhere understood that there was something not right from her works and she felt that she lost the capacity to catch connections, genuine feelings, solid messages, and such in her photos. She accepted that representation photography ought to likewise underline the relationship of the subject to the camera and the picture taker so as to deliver pictures that are genuine and drawing in, and not plain and void. Thus, Leibovitz quit laboring for a month so as to make sense of how she can improve her specialty. (New York Magazine) Narelle Brennan Narelle Brennan As a Showgirl in Las Vegas As a Mother with her Two Children (1999) (1999) â€Å"Women,† 1999 â€Å"Women,† 1999 Taking time off work has helped Leibovitz get out of sorts. Despite the fact that she kept on taking prominent charm photos of acclaimed big names for â€Å"Rolling Stone† and even â€Å"Vanity Fair,† she likewise centered around the non-business part of photography. In one book that Leibovitz and Susan Sontag had the option to distribute in 1999, she introduced the profundity of her masterfulness by taking photos of genuine ladies from various different backgrounds. In this specific assortment, Leibovitz had the option to recover her trademark and style in taking photos †building a connection between the subject/subjects and the camera and the picture taker, constructing a relationship among the subjects, depicting genuine and compelling feelings, incorporating pictures of intensity, quality, and impact, reality and effortlessness, and character. From the pictures taken of Narelle Brennan, Leibovitz had the option to catch who Brennan was as an individual, unbounded by her being just a showgirl, yet in addition as a mother of two kids. The photos were straightforward so that it depicted how the characters of ladies change contingent upon the different jobs that they play. Leibovitz effectively portrayed opportunity, rebelliousness, and the need to put down biasness or preference with regards to labeling people as a result of what they do or what they become. Besides, she had the option to communicate her affectability in responding in due order regarding Brennan, that her being a Showgirl in Las Vegas doesn't represent her whole individual. End Leibovitz’ aestheticness and imagination in photography have developed through time. One may essentially order Leibovitz’ abilities and gifts as agitated or conflicting deciding from the assorted variety of the subjects and topics of the photos that she has assumed control after some time. In any case, in spite of Leibovitz’ sporadic and whimsical showcase of her gifts and aptitudes and photography, the progressions that she needed to see through each one of those long stretches of building her profession as a picture taker by and large characterized her imaginativeness and style. Leibovitz’ craftsmanship has positively improved through time and she had the option to make the most of the considerable number of chances to take photos, commit errors, try, and decipher show, feelings, energy, connections, and such, into photos, so as to build up her aptitudes and abilities as a picture taker. In this way, Leibovitz’ photography might be characterized as adaptable or versatile, and yet unpardonable, solid, provocative, and strong. She saw how the connection between the subject, the camera, and the picture taker ought to be created so as to catch real feelings and emotions, connections and associations, and draw out the predominant characters of her subjects to add significance to the photo. The outcomes were immortal and extraordinary pictures that would resonate her imagination and flexibility as a photographic artist. Works Cited A&E Television Networks. â€Å"Annie Leibovitz Biography. † Retrieved from A&E Television Networks. 27 Apr 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/library/photographs/leibovitz/brennan.html

Tuition Rates Increasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Educational cost Rates Increasing - Essay Example For example, as the interest for school instruction increments all through society, school educational cost rates have increased exponentially. As an element of looking to address this specific issue and fine, causes, the accompanying examination will take part in a short conversation and thought of what these elements may show. Right off the bat, it must be comprehended, as has been spoken to quickly inside the presentation, the expansion sought after as cause educational cost rates to soar. As a huge number of more people graduate secondary school with yearnings and signs to draw in with school, it isn't just fundamental for school to acknowledge these people, it is likewise important for them to give space and facilities to their instruction. These states and lodging originations that must be made concern employing new teachers, expanding study hall size, extending residences and giving extra living housing, expanding generally speaking number of staff, and redesigning an and all offices that may be shown on the school grounds so as to suit is heaps of new understudies. Eventually, the convergence of understudies is useful over the long haul as far as business and gainfulness for the universe. In any case, a primer comprehension of business draws in the person with the understanding that the forthright co sts that these colleges and universities expects them to raise educational cost costs extravagantly as a methods for front the bill that this inundation of understudies has made for them. Notwithstanding, it must not exclusively be comprehended that the to raise educational cost depends on genuine and quantifiable variables. At last, a great many examinations has demonstrated that the rising school educational cost is sensational to such an extent that it doesn't follow close by swelling or changes inside the rest of the economy. In addition, researchers have additionally shown that regardless of whether one thinks about the update

The Search for Identity in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club Essay -- Joy Lu

The Search for Identity in The Joy Luck Clubâ â Â Â â â â â When Chinese foreigners enter the United States of America, it is apparent from the beginning that they are in a world far not quite the same as their country. Vis-à-vis with a predominant culture that frequently demonstrations and thinks in manners in opposition to their past lives, outsiders are on a troublesome way of endeavoring to turn into an American. Chinese foreigners end up frequently got between two universes: the old universe of organized, customary and instructive China and the new universe of portable, youthful and prosperous America. They nostalgically glance back at China aching for an easier life yet take a gander at the United States as a place where there is fresh new chances and opportunity that they didn't know in China. For this is the reason they came to America in any case, to accommodate their kids and themselves what they couldn't in China. To do this, obviously, they are confronted with the test of acclimatizing. Learning the language, obta ining training, claiming property, and so on are for the most part approaches to hold onto the American Dream. Anyway this represents an issue for the Chinese worker for, during the time spent digestion, they lose a portion of their Chinese culture. This particularly sounds accurate for the offspring of Chinese workers: the second-age Chinese Americans. Second-age Chinese Americans are confronted with an exceptional test. Their folks have persevered through the battle to result in these present circumstances coun... ... October 19%.: 256,257. Shear, Walter. Generational Differences and the Diaspora. Critigue Spring 1993: 193-199. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. Vintage Contemporaries. New York: A Division of Random House, Inc., 199 1. Tsai, Shan-Shan Henry. The Chinese Experience in America. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1986. Xu, Ben. Memory and the Ethnic Self. Perusing Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club.Meleus. Spring 1994: 3 - 16. Yung, Judy. Chinese Women in America: A Pictorial History. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1989. (a few found in Gale Literary Database t)v-(http://www.galenet.com/servlet/GLD/hits?c...n=10&1=d&NA=Amy+Tan=&The+Joy+-Luck+Club) Â

Management Online Class - 275 Words

Management Online Class (Book Report Sample) Content: Management online classNameInstitutionManagement online classThe Blake and Mouton Leadership testThe scale for each of the components moves from one to nine. The leadership test is composed of 18 statements that requires a response of zero to five on the scale where the statement applies. After the scale I transferred the numerical answers to the scoring section. After calculation, I converted the scores into plots on the leadership grid. The results that I got on the grid were 7.8 as a team management style on leadership. I agree with the results because I like working in a team where each person is independent and they therefore are committed to accomplish a given task as expected.The Myers-Briggs test (MBTI)After the completion of the MBTI test: one obtains a 4-letter type formula on the strengths and description of the personality type; discover occupations as well as careers suitable with the personality; understand the personal learning and communication styles. The results from my test were INTJ, that is, moderate introversion preference over extraversion; slight preference of intuition over sensing; moderate preference of thinking over feelings and slight preference of judging over perceiving. I agree with the results because I like being in a situation where I can think and is not guided by feelings. Management Online Class - 275 Words Management Online Class (Book Report Sample) Content: Management online classNameInstitutionManagement online classThe Blake and Mouton Leadership testThe scale for each of the components moves from one to nine. The leadership test is composed of 18 statements that requires a response of zero to five on the scale where the statement applies. After the scale I transferred the numerical answers to the scoring section. After calculation, I converted the scores into plots on the leadership grid. The results that I got on the grid were 7.8 as a team management style on leadership. I agree with the results because I like working in a team where each person is independent and they therefore are committed to accomplish a given task as expected.The Myers-Briggs test (MBTI)After the completion of the MBTI test: one obtains a 4-letter type formula on the strengths and description of the personality type; discover occupations as well as careers suitable with the personality; understand the personal learning and communication styles. The results from my test were INTJ, that is, moderate introversion preference over extraversion; slight preference of intuition over sensing; moderate preference of thinking over feelings and slight preference of judging over perceiving. I agree with the results because I like being in a situation where I can think and is not guided by feelings.

Spanking Parents Must Decide - 1914 Words

Have you ever been spanked? Maybe smacked? We all have our own stories of how our parents disciplined us, we take them as funny stories and even joke about them. If you were born in the 90s, 80s, 70s, 60s, you already know what I’m talking about and I bet many stories already ran through your mind right now. But as we grew up and time passed by, there has been this dilemma about this method of parenting. [2] â€Å"Parents feel mixed-up and uncomfortable about disciplining their children†. Few parents in modern times do not trust this kind of act of physical punishment at home and they think that is detrimental for kids. Therefore, a good amount of parents are trying to make the government restrict the parents who spank from doing so. [2] By†¦show more content†¦Children can grow to be successful without the need of abuse or any kind of physical punishment. [2] Mark Wolraich, the head of the committee that wrote the discipline recommendations, defended the AAP anti-spanking stance. â€Å"It is because most parents spank that such a policy statement is needed. The AAP is not a police body that disallows child-rearing techniques. . . . Spanking was only one area addressed but stands out as one in need of change because of its ineffectiveness, side effects, and the frequency of its misuse.† In the other side, parents who agree argument that â€Å"Spanking is not laziness and it teaches children consequences for their actions† â€Å"disrespectful youth today shows what happens when necessary spanking is forgotten† â€Å"Parent first; friend second† â€Å"you cannot fix a tree after is already bent†, etc. This side argues that is effective when children are defiant and try to overthrow the authority or who controls the situation. They argue that they do it for the own child good and even thought it feels unpleasant (obviously) it will shape a conscious character for the future (if you use it correctly). For example, [2] the University of California, Berkeley, who followed healthy middle-class white families prospectively for 15 years, showed families where parents occasionally employed spanking (defined as one or two open swats on the bottom of a child between the ages of two and six) as one form of discipline within an otherwiseShow MoreRelate dSpanking a Child and Child Abuse1076 Words   |  5 PagesSpanking a child is not against the law in most places. However, parents who use it in their homes are being accused of child abuse. The Chicago Tribune published an article that urged readers to report child abuse when they become aware of it. In the article â€Å"Child abuse in plain View† the author describes spanking as a type of abuse that happens behind closed doors (â€Å"Child abuse in plain View†). Like most critics of corporal punishment, the author is trying to link spanking to abuse. The author`sRead MoreSpanking Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesSpanking has several effects on the children, which build numerous opinions among the people. Researchers have shown many positive and negative sides of physical punishment. There are several people that agree with spanking their children and there are others who are against punishing the children. Many of the parents who spank their children believe that sp anking is sometimes acceptable because they believe it will make a positive effect on their behavior. Spanking is used to correct children’sRead More Disciplinary Spanking Is Not Child Abuse Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesbeating, whipping, hitting, pinching, biting, or spanking. Spanking is the most used, traditional form of physical punishment, consisting in a beating applied on the buttocks. It involves striking the buttocks repeatedly, usually as a physical punishment, with an open hand. Spanking can also be implemented including belts, whips, rods, paddles, or any other household item. Educators and parents usually administer spankings to children. Spanking usually refers to a child lying, stomach downRead MorePhysical Discipline with Children1100 Words   |  4 PagesSpanking a child is not against the law in most places. However, parents who use it in their homes are being accused of child abuse. The Chicago Tribune published an article that urged readers to report child abuse when they become aware of it. In the article â€Å"Child abuse in plain View† the author describes spanking as a type of abuse that happens behind closed doors (â€Å"Child abuse in plain View†). Like most critics of corporal punishment, the author is trying to link spanking to abuse. 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Both mothers and fathers can have very unique influences on their children. Mothers and fathers parent differently, however, both maternal and paternal figures are essential in healthy development. Together both parents teach their children many things including how to eat, walk, talk and underlying emotions such as love, trust and happiness. Oppositely parents may also t each their kids, often unknowing of the effects they are causing, distrustRead MoreDisciplining Your Child : Disciplining Children1093 Words   |  5 Pagesit can also be the punishment to correct disobedience. Being a parent isn’t the easiest thing to do, in fact it’s one of the most difficult task. As parents we are not given a handbook that guides us to making the right decision with our children. How we decide to discipline our children may not always be the right or correct way in disciplining them. There are even some children that may learn differently than others and some parents who choose to discipline their children one way versus anotherRead MoreAssault Or Discipline Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesforce being used on minors. Spanking, whipping, and paddling are among a few common references to this form of punishment. Physically disciplining children has had many names over the years. No matter which term is used, corporal punishment has a negative impact on every party involved. It is a widely used, socially accepted method of discipline. â€Å"Approximately 94% of three and four-year old children have been spanked in the past year (Slade Winssow 1321). Although spanking is a widespread practice

Feminism A Controversial Issue - 1304 Words

In recent discussions on Feminism, a controversial issue has been that the term itself attracts negative attention, despite its endless efforts towards equality for both genders. On one hand, some argue the word should be changed to a more appropriate term that doesn’t attract hostile viewpoints. On the other hand, others argue the word should remain the same, however, people should be educated on the actual intentions of feminism—and not base their understandings off of the recent misguided interpretations of the term. Although the awareness of feminism may seem of concern only to a small group of women, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about gender equality. Because of their recent fallacious ignorance towards the term, this generation should make modifications of their knowledge of Feminism and learn that it calls for equal rights for both men and women. Although I grant that all women want gender equality, I still maintain that women are rightfully reluctant to call themselves â€Å"feminists†, due to the misinterpretations of the term. One of the most widespread misinterpretations is that it encourages women to participate in â€Å"men bashing/ men hating†. This has caused most of the recent negative opinions that are surrounding feminism. In fear of being labeled as man-haters, women tend to shy away from the term. Several famous celebrities, such as Emma Watson and Beyoncà ©, are saying that they support feminism and decided to take on its negativity. In her UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Series Of The Family Produced By Norman Milton1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe series All in the Family produced by Norman Milton Lear from 1971-1979 is one of the most controversial and groundbreaking television shows ever created. The successful sitcom has covered many touchy subjects involving race, ethnicity, homosexuality, rape, and religious beliefs. 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And what could they possibly want this time? I’ll let you keep that one to yourself. We all know that in today’s world, feminism is often seen as a joke. Just a bunch of white women prancing around with signs expressing their angst for

Hospitality Property and Facilities Management Hotel Developmental Ro

Question: Discuss about theHospitality Property and Facilities Management for Hotel Developmental Roles. Answer: Hotel Developmental Roles Although Property Development Managers, construction project managers, facilities managers and town planners are involved in hotel property development. The property development managers are responsible for management of personal property, tooling, equipment and capital assets. The property development managers are responsible for obtaining planning permission, organizing renovations or leasing property. The property developers are responsible for acquiring property and oversee the construction of industrial, residential and commercial structures (MacLaran, 2014). The property development managers are responsible for full and proper screening of the applicants criminal history, ability to pay. The property development manager also maintains necessary records for taxation and legal purposes. The property development managers are responsible for negotiating the purchase of land and managing the work of architects. The property development manager is responsible to prepare funding propo sals to the management. The site audits must be arranged and manages the design phase (MacLaran, 2014). Construction project managers supervise the construction projects from the beginning to the end. They are responsible for controlling the time, cost and quality of construction projects ranging from industries, residential and commercial to bridges, roads and schools. The managers are responsible to negotiate contracts with vendors, contractors and architects. They must also ensure that the project is completed within deadlines and all issues are resolved. The construction managers ensure that the building codes meet legal and regulatory requirements (MacLaran, 2014). He is also responsible for making the changes as required for resolving issues. The construction manager manages daily utilization and implementation. A single manager might oversee an entire construction project, or multiple managers might oversee specific aspects of a larger project. Managers can be self-employed or be employees of construction management companies, developers or property owners. The managers are also required to co-ordinate different levels of staff and train them (MacLaran, 2014). The facility manager plays multiple roles in health and safety, security, cleaning, fire safety, business continuity planning, testing and inspections, and space allocation. Facility manager department in an organization may lead to loss of business, injury, insurance claim and prosecution. Every organization faces several maintenance and security issues. The organizations aim to protect employees from injuries, damage or loss of lives. The facility manager is supposed to inspect, test and maintain the place with compliance certificates. The facility managers are also required to organize cleaning operations effectively (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The managers replenish consumables such as soap, toilet rolls, reactive response, litter picking and cleaning of toilets. The facility managers are responsible for ensuring safety through employee training, inspection and security. The managers are also responsible for maintaining cleanliness. The facility manager must ensure that the space in the building is utilized efficiently. Facility management is responsible for maintaining and providing appropriate assets that help in implementing effective operational safety policies. One of the critical jobs of the facility manager is to protect the workers from occupational hazards. The manager may evaluate the tasks and job sites. Accordingly, the facility manager may develop a comprehensive safety program (Reason, 2016). Town planners have several responsibilities. They are responsible for negotiating with the developers, architects and surveyors. They are responsible to specialize in a specific or particular field for working across a variety of areas. The town planners keep the legislation updated related with land use. They are responsible for designing layouts and drafting design statements. They develop original and creative planning for satisfying all the parties. They understand the population trends and the demand patterns. The town planners are responsible to prepare reports and plans from house extensions to international airports. They lay emphasis on the matters related to town and country planning. They also focus on transport plans and parking lot plans. They are responsible to schedule available resources to meet planning targets. They research and analyse data to help inform strategic developments, such as increases in affordable housing provision (Coaffee, 2013). Sustainability Sustainability can simply be defined as living within the limits. The organizations are increasingly integrating sustainability into their products, services and processes. Sustainability is a continuous process, and no matter how sustainable the assets are designed in the original construction, the maintenance needs to be continually improved. Sustainability in building and facility operations help in identifying goals and reducing environmental impact. Facilities involve office buildings, hospitals and warehouses. Several measures such as greening of buildings, recycling, energy efficiency and reduction of carbon footprints are several efforts that can be made in facilities (Yung, Chan, 2012). Sustainability in buildings and maintaining facilities involve sustainable practices in making the design and construction sites environmentally responsible. There shall be sustainability involved in every phase from site selection, designing, operations, construction, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. Sustainability shall help in understanding the interconnections between economy, society and environment. Sustainability shall help in improving overall efficiency in grounds, operations and buildings. The job of a facility manager is to maintain the grounds and building of an organization. They look after various business services or non-core functions. The limited and non-renewable resources usage can be reduced. The carbon footprint can be reduced and indoor environmental quality of existing as well as new buildings can be improved (Eichholtz, Kok, Quigley, 2013). Decisions such as this which are often made outside of any environmental assessment process can have a far greater impact on sustainability than decisions that designers are able to influence such as the form of the building and selection of materials. The facilities operations and maintenance must assure that the design and construction of facility is sustainable. Sustainability is necessary in operations and maintenance. The scope of operations and management include keeping the build environment, facilities, infrastructure, utility systems, roads, drainage structures, grounds and parking lots sustainable. A well build construction site should conserve energy, water and be resource efficient. The site must meet the comfort, safety and health requirements of the occupants in the building. The construction and operation of buildings affect the environment (Ahn et al., 2013). Although a building or construction site may choose to prioritize energy reduction, waste minimization, water conservation and integrated approach to maintenance and operations. Sustainable buildings improve the overall life cycle including maintenance, operations and disposal costs. Building design, operations and construction affect the health of occupants, community and natural resources. The health of the building occupants shall be directly affected based on the ventilation, location of toxins or wastes, airflow and pressure, management of emissions, choice of building materials and operational procedures. The access to daylight is another significant factor affecting staff productivity and health outcomes (Yung Chan, 2012). The health of surrounding community is also affected as the local water quality and air is affected by the choice of building designs. Off-gassing of building materials, exhausts emitting volatile organic compounds and fumes from construction equipment can cause allergies, respiratory issues and other illness. The transportation planning and thoughtful land use can influence the amount of toxic emissions released into the air and water. The healthy of natural resources and global community is also affected as the persistent carcinogens, toxic compounds and endocrine disruptors can threaten the communities where these materials and manufactured (Glavinich, 2013). The buildings life cycle, maintenance and operations must seek to purchase cleaning products and supplies that are bio-degradable in nature. The indoor air quality can be improved with the sustainable use of materials. The facilities can also use automated monitors and controls for temperature, water, moisture, ventilation, energy and waste. The waste must be reduced through reduction and recycling. High efficiency equipments and improving the tightness of the building are other ways to improve cycles. Green meeting practices can be implemented. The organic materials can be composted on-site. The environmental plan shall establish risk and mitigation measures (Kibert, 2012). Energy Audit An energy audit is a survey, inspection and systematic procedures that help in obtaining adequate knowledge of the energy consumption. An energy audit also helps in identifying the cost-effective opportunities. It is a process or system that helps in reducing the amount of energy input without adverse effect on the output. Energy audit might be the first step in identifying opportunities towards reducing carbon footprint and energy expenditure (Dall'O, 2013). The energy audit helps in making the place more efficient as one can measure the areas that require improvement. Audits alone do not save energy. The recommendations and necessary steps need to be followed for saving energy. The energy audit shall provide detailed guide as to what specific improvements are needed that would help in saving energy. The houses as well as workplaces suffer from issues where they do not realize that problems are energy related. The energy audit shall help in making the owners realize the ways in which energy is inefficiently utilized (Fleiter, Schleich, Ravivanpong, 2012). The energy audit is connected to cost, time, phasing and reporting characteristics. The reporting of an energy audit is closely connected to the thoroughness, cost and audit work. The main options of the energy audit reporting are: very light reporting, simple savings oriented reporting, and detailed technical reporting. The light reporting shall list or introduce the main results in the summary. The simple-savings reporting shall be enlisting slightly detailed view of the energy audit results. The detailed technical reporting shall include the background information on energy using systems. An energy audit helps in understanding the behaviour and usage pattern of the appliances. The energy audit may cover a site or building in multiple ways. Energy audit can be used for different purposes for pointing out the areas where energy can be saved (Krarti, 2016). An energy audit programme may not work efficiently if the audit models are not clearly defined. The auditor must always listen t o the opinions of the client groups (Annunziata, Rizzi, Frey, 2014). A few benefits of energy audit are lower energy bills and increased energy savings. Certain cost-effective measures shall help in prioritizing the cost-effective measures to make the place more efficient. Energy audit can also help in improving the comfort level by detecting air leakage issue that may be creating an unhealthy and uncomfortable environment. The audit help in identifying the place of leakage and cost effective sealing options can be provided (Krarti, 2016). With the annual decrease in energy costs, the market value of the site shall increase. A site may experience unknown problems such as improper ventilation leading to growth of mildew or mould. Energy audit shall help in protecting the environment as the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced. The above benefits can justify the investment in energy audits (Resnet, 2016). For example, an energy audit is performed at an organization. The audit results revealed an envelope breach leading to energy wastage. The breach shall create negative pressure in the organization. The energy audit identified the discrepancy that must be fixed following a few techniques. The incandescent lights can be replaced with the new fluorescent lights. The appliances must always be turned off when they are not in use. These measures can help in saving energy by turning off even the smallest appliances when they are not connected (Greenchipstocks.com, 2016). Safety Safety culture is positive when the employees believe safety as a key value and equally important to productivity and quality during the business cycle. The job of a facility manager is to maintain the grounds and building of an organization. They look after various business services or non-core functions. A few core competencies of a facility manager is to manage communication, project management, emergency preparedness, operations and maintenance, technology, renovation projects, safety inspection and waste reduction improvements. Precisely, the facility managers operate at two levels: operational level and strategic level. At the operational level, the facility managers ensure corporate and cost effective environment (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The facility manager plays multiple roles in health and safety, security, cleaning, fire safety, business continuity planning, testing and inspections, and space allocation. Facility manager department in an organization may lead to loss of business, injury, insurance claim and prosecution. Every organization faces several maintenance and security issues. The organizations aim to protect employees from injuries, damage or loss of lives. The facility manager is supposed to inspect, test and maintain the place with compliance certificates. The facility managers are also required to organize cleaning operations effectively. The managers replenish consumables such as soap, toilet rolls, reactive response, litter picking and cleaning of toilets (Barrett Baldry, 2013). Facility management is responsible for maintaining and providing appropriate assets that help in implementing effective operational safety policies. One of the critical jobs of the facility manager is to protect the workers from occupational hazards. The manager may evaluate the tasks and job sites. Accordingly, the facility manager may develop a comprehensive safety program (Barrett Baldry, 2013). For many people, facility manager is a one-stop person. Life safety and fire is perhaps the most important area as they have knowledge about the operations, testing and inspection and policies and procedures. A safe environment is necessary to work in through proactive training, awareness and standard operating procedures. A facility manager at least knows about the sprinkler system, emergency planning, fire drills and storage practices. The facility managers develop and direct loss prevention strategies and obligations. The facility managers are responsible to support line managers for c omplying with legislation and continually improving performance. The facility managers are also responsible for directing and defining development of strategic health and safety environmental policies (Reason, 2016). There are a few concepts that are appropriate for facility managers and would help in maintaining safety. Firstly, the facility managers can conduct environmental scanning by analysing global trends and economic forecasting. The environmental scanning shall help in meeting the environmental challenges. Secondly, through scenario planning a strategic path can be created for developing outcome. Facility management looks after multiple disciplines for ensuring functionality by integrating place, people, technology and processes. Thirdly, facility management creates strategic paths and measures strategic adjustment (Atkin Brooks, 2012). Every organization must mention the defined plan of action as health and safety is the joint responsibility of management. Every employer intends to maintain a safe and healthy workplace for its employees. The organizations have their own way of doing things. The successful health and safety systems have committed managers that help in making the program work (Reason, 2016). The above factors are evident to say that safety is consistent with good business sense. Safety is necessary at all levels and functions of an organization such as planning, production, purchase, distribution and financial aspects. Safety must not be viewed as a separate function of aspect of business. It must be integrated with the multiple functions and must be taken care of regularly and continually. During the business planning cycle, safety must be integrated with every single function or activity that shall be performed by the workers (Reason, 2016). References Ahn, Y. H., Pearce, A. R., Wang, Y., Wang, G. (2013). Drivers and barriers of sustainable design and construction: The perception of green building experience.International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development,4(1), 35-45. Annunziata, E., Rizzi, F., Frey, M. (2014). Enhancing energy efficiency in public buildings: The role of local energy audit programmes.Energy Policy,69, 364-373. Atkin, B. Brooks, A. (2012). Total facilities management. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Barrett, P. Baldry, D. (2013). Facilities management. Osney Mead, Oxford, OX: Blackwell Science. Coaffee, J. (2013). Towards next-generation urban resilience in planning practice: from securitization to integrated place making.Planning Practice Research,28(3), 323-339. Dall'O, G. (2013).Green Energy Audit of Buildings. Springer London. Eichholtz, P., Kok, N., Quigley, J. M. (2013). The economics of green building.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(1), 50-63. Fleiter, T., Schleich, J., Ravivanpong, P. (2012). Adoption of energy-efficiency measures in SMEsan empirical analysis based on energy audit data from Germany.Energy Policy,51, 863-875. Glavinich, T. (2013).Contractor's guide to green building construction. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Greenchipstocks.com,. (2016).Example of a Home Energy Audit.Greenchipstocks.com. Retrieved 23 June 2016, from https://www.greenchipstocks.com/report/example-of-a-home-energy-audit/369 Kibert, C. (2012).Sustainable construction. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Krarti, M. (2016).Energy audit of building systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. MacLaran, A. (2014).Making space: property development and urban planning. London: Arnold. Manuele, F. (2013).On the practice of safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Reason, J. (2016).Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate. Resnet,. (2016).Home Energy Audit Benefits | RESNET.RESNET. Retrieved 23 June 2016, from https://www.resnet.us/home-energy-audit-benefits Yung, E. H., Chan, E. H. (2012). Implementation challenges to the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings: Towards the goals of sustainable, low carbon cities.Habitat International,36(3), 352-361.

Performance Related Pay free essay sample

Performance-related pay (PRP) is a financial rewarding system that links pay awarded to the work output of employees (CIPD, 2013). It is connected directly to individual, group and organisational performance (Armstrong, 2005). In the late 1980s and early 1990s, performance pay scheme became prevalently used in both private and public sectors in UK organisations, where it is perceived to be a motivation tool. 2. Theories about PRP As Thorpe and Homan (2000), the role of incentive pay in employee motivation nearly sets up on psychological theories. Locke and Latham (2004) define motivation as internal factors that impel action and to external factors that can act as inducements to action. The theories of motivation provide a solid theoretical basis for the study of the use of financial rewards for stimulating employees to higher levels of performance for the achievements of organizational objectives (Schuler, 1998). Expectancy theory and equity theory offer the fundaments for performance-related pay. 2. 1 Expectancy theory Expectancy theory is relied on expectations that people bring with them to the work situation, and the context and the way in which these expectations are satisfied. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Related Pay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In other words, there is greater scope to understand how employees may require to be treated differently and to interpret why employees do not necessarily respond in a mechanical way to changes in, for example, the level of pay (CIPD, 2013). Vroom’s expectancy theoryVIE assists to understand the motivation through three elements: †¢expectancy – Employees perceived that they possessed the necessary skills to do their jobs at least adequately; †¢instrumentality– Employees perceived that if they performed their jobs well, or at least adequately, they would be rewarded; †¢valence – Employees perceived the rewards offered for successful job performance to be attractive (Arnold and Randall et al, 2010). According to the expectancy theory, money is a significant motivator for most people, and in order to get or secure a higher base salary or some form f bonus payment, we will normally change our behaviour and attitude, directing or increasing effort in a specific direction. Tying pay to specific performance can ensure people are motivated to increase their efforts and performance and ensure performance outcomes are met (Mikovich and Newman, 2005). 2. 3 Equity theory Another psychologic al thinking that is relevant is equity. Equity theorists claim that people seek balance between their inputs and the reward outcomes. The predictions of equity theory are less often supported by research when people receive than their shares, as opposed to when they receive fewer (Mowday, 1991). In other words, employees are more likely to do something in response to feeling under-rewarded than over-rewarded. Equity theory focuses on perceptions of fairness in the workplace, including distributive justice—that is, whether people believe they have received (or will receive) fair rewards; procedural justice—reflects whether people believe that the procedures used in an organization to allocate rewards are fair; interactional justice—refers to whether people believe they are treated in an appropriate manner by others at work, especially authority figures (Arnold, 2010). When people in an organization feel they have been treated justly, they will be more willing to be ‘good citizen’ at work (Liden et al, 2003). While the motivation to perform ‘good citizen’ behaviours are enhanced by a sense of justice (Arnold, 2010). However, Adams argued that whether the input and reward are in balance is determined on the basis of feelings/perceptions compared with others in relation to social norms. 3. Models In relation to the relationship between pay and performance, pay can be related to individual, the working group or orgnisation performance (Brown and Heywood, 2002). 3. 1 Individual PRP An individual performance-related pay system is â€Å"usually involve payment which is integrated into base salary either in the form of a percentage increase or additional increments on a pay scale† (Kessler, 2005). Individual PRP relates reward on an assessment of the employee’s work performance. It assumes that the differences between individuals are measurable so that retention of high quality employees who wish to enjoy high performance reward is increased (Gerhart and Rynes, 2003). In addition, adopting pay incentives will stimulate employees’ better behaviours that will improve work performance and thus, improve organizational performance. Also, employees are motivated to create more efficient methods to boost productivity. However, individual PRP has negative impacts which may de-motivate employees. It assesses the individual’s performance through using qualitative judgments, therefore bias and unfairness coming from performance appraisal is unavoidable by appraisers’ subjectivity. Moreover, Harris’s research (2001) shows that over half of the management failed to understand the â€Å"value system† of PRP, which in turn made inaccurate judgments on performance. 3. 2 Team PRP Team-based performance-related pay schemes include variable pay which depends on the performance of a team. The aim is to consolidate the team through incentives, establishing a united, mutually supporting team with a high level of involvement (Acas). Meanwhile, team-based pay motivates less effective employees and serves as an incentive for the whole team to improve. There are also potential disadvantages of team-based PRP. In contrast to individual PRP, peer pressure is heavy and result in consistence instead of creativity. Subsequently, bullying or harassment will be resulted from individuals who are perceived to be under-contributing. On the other hand, an amount relies on the underlying magnitude of the free rider problem, whereby team members expect others to accomplish the extra workload to increase team PRP. The greater the concern about some employees’ free-riding, the less will pay be linked to team PRP for the total team input into the production process is reduced (Robert, 2007). 3. 3 Organisation PRP Organizational PRP associates with larger groups than teams, like manufactory and company. The universal PRP schemes for organization level relied on profit-sharing and gain-sharing, or alternatively on dividends of employee-owned shares and change in share value. Hence, employees are able to share such financial participation as profit or share ownership, and are more directly responsible for the project’s success. The firm PRP system is effective as the workforce is aware of their contribution. Besides, employees can participate in organizational control and show greater commitment to the organization. Drawbacks come along with organization PRP benefits. The motivation value of implementing such a scheme is relatively weak. On one side, the added-value systems like profit-sharing involves complicated information and rules and thus employees will feel confused with them. On the other side, the bonus payments are usually available with a delay of several months or years and sometimes combined with other indicators of firm-level performance such as sales, productivity, amount of cost saved and etc. 4. Evidence The tables are from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relation Survey (WERS) (McNabb and Whitfield, 2007). Table 1: Impact of performance related pay, employee and financial participation on individual earnings PRP acts as a motivational tool that attracts workers to perform higher competency and induce employees to pay greater effort. Table one supports this point, showing that workplaces that exert any type of PRP schemes pay higher than those that do not. Among them, individual PRP only makes the most contribution to earnings by comparison with the team and organizational PRP only. Nevertheless, the only single scheme impact is far behind that of combined application of two or more types. Earnings are highest in workplaces where firms adopt a combination of individual and workgroup-based or organizational PRP schemes, as can be seen from the column three. Table 2: Interaction effects Along with, the impact of PRP on pay is strongly controlled by the joint of financial participation. As can be seen from table two, earning is relatively high where PRP co-operate with employee share-ownership. PRP is not only backed up by employers, but also by governments to promote employee financial participation through a range of fiscal incentives. For instance, the UK’s new Share Incentive Plan requires employees to leave their shares in trust for a minimum of five years to avail of tax relief. . Conclusion In conclude, PRP is one of the main financial incentives to motivate employees on the basis of expectancy theory. If PRP is designed and implement efficiently and measured fairly, positive impacts will be appeared on employees’ performance. Earnings are paid higher when organization applies PRP and highest when uses a combination of individual and team or organisational PRP. In spite of this, there is no optimal approach to PRP, an d in practice each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Individual PRP works best where employee decision-making processes centered on jobs, whereas group-based PRP works best where employees are involved in making decisions about their work-roles in their broader context (Delbridge and Whitfield, 2001). Different organizations should undertake different PRP to suit its own situation. And schemes need to be tailored with the management strategy and organisational culture, such as the organization that demands team work would not be appropriate to establish individual PRP system.

Free Essays on Planet Comparison- Uranus And Neptune

Planet Comparison Report Uranus: Uranus was discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel. He at first wanted to name the planet Sidus Georgium which is latin for George’s star after the king of England. Another astronomer Johann Bode advised Herschel against it and suggested instead that he use a name from Greco-Roman mythology like all other planets. So Uranus was given its name which is the father of Saturn. Uranus is one of the Jovian planets and like the others it has a short rotation period. Uranus’s day is 17.2 hours. Its revolution around the sun however is slightly more than 84 years. It is the seventh planet from the sun at a distance of 1.78 billion miles. Uranus is about 4 times the diameter of earth at 46,700km. Its mass is 15 times that of earth at 8.68*10 kg. The axial tilt of this planet is one of the most unusual things about it. It is tilted 98 degrees which classifies it as being in retrograde rotation. Uranus is also unique because it has the most inclined magnetic field. The surface magnetic field is 74 percent that of the earth. The surface gravity on Uranus is 8.87 m/s ². The atmosphere of Uranus is thick with a lot of hydrogen, helium, and methane. It has a very low density, the mean density is 1271 kg/m ³. Uranus lacks any really significant internal heat source and it mean surface temperature is 58 ° K. To date Uranus has been found to have 21 satellites four of which have yet to be named and 11 rings. News Articles: From: Regulatory Intelligence Data. Title: Release 99-47 Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus From Winter Hibernation Date: 03/29/99 NASA’s Hubble Space telescope showed that for the first time seasonal changes on Uranus. From: ScienceNOW Title: New moon for Uranus Date: 05/19/99 A new moon was discovered for Uranus that had previously been overlooked for 13 years. As of 1999 this discovery brought the total of Uranus’s satellites to 18. Neptu... Free Essays on Planet Comparison- Uranus And Neptune Free Essays on Planet Comparison- Uranus And Neptune Planet Comparison Report Uranus: Uranus was discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel. He at first wanted to name the planet Sidus Georgium which is latin for George’s star after the king of England. Another astronomer Johann Bode advised Herschel against it and suggested instead that he use a name from Greco-Roman mythology like all other planets. So Uranus was given its name which is the father of Saturn. Uranus is one of the Jovian planets and like the others it has a short rotation period. Uranus’s day is 17.2 hours. Its revolution around the sun however is slightly more than 84 years. It is the seventh planet from the sun at a distance of 1.78 billion miles. Uranus is about 4 times the diameter of earth at 46,700km. Its mass is 15 times that of earth at 8.68*10 kg. The axial tilt of this planet is one of the most unusual things about it. It is tilted 98 degrees which classifies it as being in retrograde rotation. Uranus is also unique because it has the most inclined magnetic field. The surface magnetic field is 74 percent that of the earth. The surface gravity on Uranus is 8.87 m/s ². The atmosphere of Uranus is thick with a lot of hydrogen, helium, and methane. It has a very low density, the mean density is 1271 kg/m ³. Uranus lacks any really significant internal heat source and it mean surface temperature is 58 ° K. To date Uranus has been found to have 21 satellites four of which have yet to be named and 11 rings. News Articles: From: Regulatory Intelligence Data. Title: Release 99-47 Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus From Winter Hibernation Date: 03/29/99 NASA’s Hubble Space telescope showed that for the first time seasonal changes on Uranus. From: ScienceNOW Title: New moon for Uranus Date: 05/19/99 A new moon was discovered for Uranus that had previously been overlooked for 13 years. As of 1999 this discovery brought the total of Uranus’s satellites to 18. Neptu...

How effective are Business Intelligence (BI) tools for supporting Essay

How effective are Business Intelligence (BI) tools for supporting decision-making - Essay Example Includes database and application technologies, as well as analysis practices. Sometimes used synonymously with "decision support," though business intelligence is technically much broader, potentially encompassing knowledge management, enterprise resource planning, and data mining, among other practices. ...† (csumb, 2011) Trying to interpret the actual meanings of the term ‘intelligence’ and how it is evolved would give us a better understanding into the terminology of business intelligence itself. Generally, intelligence refers to the ability to understand, learn and evolve. Intelligence develops with every learning experience and input of every kind of information. Basic intelligence, when deployed in business environment is referred to as business intelligence. THE DISCUSSION: The capacity of human beings to incorporate prior instinctive and experience based knowledge to execute processes in order to achieve a particular objective is termed as intelligence. It ’s a virtual entity that encompasses all logical horizons. Business is also one of the natural and logical processes. Logic can be defined as a set of rules that governs executions. To discriminate a process as being logical or illogical one needs to be intelligent. This new perspective about intelligence gives a much understandable definition of Business Intelligence. BI would now be defined as, the capacity that enables businessmen to differentiate logical and illogical executions in a business.. This definition presents Business Intelligence as an umbrella that covers almost all the tasks performed under the tag of ‘businesses’. This paper emphasizes on the same notion with the discussion of multiple top notch business terms namely... The capacity of human beings to incorporate prior instinctive and experience based knowledge to execute processes in order to achieve a particular objective is termed as intelligence. It’s a virtual entity that encompasses all logical horizons. Business is also one of the natural and logical processes. Logic can be defined as a set of rules that governs executions. To discriminate a process as being logical or illogical one needs to be intelligent. This new perspective about intelligence gives a much understandable definition of Business Intelligence. BI would now be defined as, the capacity that enables businessmen to differentiate logical and illogical executions in a business.. This definition presents Business Intelligence as an umbrella that covers almost all the tasks performed under the tag of ‘businesses’. This paper emphasizes on the same notion with the discussion of multiple top notch business terms namely sales forecasting, market research and knowledg e management. The association of business intelligence with sales forecasting, knowledge management and Market Research brings new meanings to this seemingly simple business term. It is attempted to take a general look at the basic definitions of each of the above mentioned terms before looking at their comparative involvements and meanings.

Why Did Dinosaurs Become Extinct Research Paper

Why Did Dinosaurs Become Extinct - Research Paper Example Dinosaurs are also one such specie which became extinct over a period of time, who are believed to be a set of animals being either herbivores or ever carnivores, also being ornithopods or even quadrupeds with extremely long tails or legs. Usually, their leg are stretched erect beneath their bodies however, the fossil record indicates that they have been found in many distinct forms over the period of time. They have been found in various locales distributed widely over the planet earth and vary from terrestrial to marine beings. Dinosaurs are believed to be extinct by the end of the Cretaceous period. In other words, these dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago, though they have been found to be living on earth for about 165 million years ago (When did dinosaurs become extinct 2012). There have been many explanations for the extinction of the dinosaurs, for instance the asteroid impact, disease, volcanic eruptions etc, however, the most widely accepted theory is the cli mate change theory, and thus this paper aims at discussing all these reasons and theories in details to locate which explanation offers the most convincing account of what actually happened. Starting off with the Asteroid theory which is also one of the most popular theories floating in this context, it implies that the extinction owes much to the hitting of a comet or an asteroid about 65 million years ago.... Thus, since the effect was too extreme to handle, survival rate was technically zero. According to the researchers, this asteroid was about 4-9 miles in length and evidence indicates that it hit the earth at the Yucatan Peninsula which is found at the Gulf of Mexico. Moreover, due to the huge size of the comet, the after effects were also quite massive, i.e. severe storms, huge forest fires etc hit mother earth and thus dinosaurs were nowhere to be seen following this event, and it is also said that it took about six months after the event for the sunlight to appear again. However, certain assumptions tend to negate this very theory, as the facts recovered by scientists indicate. For instance, the element or rather the chemical which leads towards the resistance for sunlight reducing photosynthesis or to cause other changes, is caused by the element Iridium which is found generally in meteors and causes these massive effects. Though the size of the meteor as indicated by the scientis ts was large enough to cause the destruction, but another shocking indication completely negates the proposition. Reason being that though one hand where all meteors contain Iridium, Comet doesn’t. Also the material found later on indicates that the material was either too high or too low to cause massive destruction, thus, this fact completely negates the destruction. Thus, while making logical connections and deriving conclusions, all facts have to be kept into mind and if any of these assumptions is ignored faulty propositions come up, thus propositions of this theory need to study this theory in detail. The second explanation which the scientists give to justify the extinction of the dinosaurs is the volcanic eruptions. Usually, whenever there is an eruption in the volcanoes,

Hispanic American Diversity Essay Example for Free

Hispanic American Diversity Essay The Hispanic Americans have a lot in common but still each maintained their ethnicity which differs. The different groups immigrated to America in search of the American dream and some for political reasons. Below we examine the different groups and how similar or different they are from each other. The Mexican in the United States seems to enjoy a higher recognition among the other Hispanic groups living within the US. The Mexican Americans started to arrive within the US after the US-Mexican war. Thereafter, they migrated due to the better economic promise that the American dream held, a reason that still holds to date. They come with the culture from Mexico and integrate it into the mainstream American culture (Mexican Americans, 2007). The major religion among the Mexican American is Catholic Christianity, followed by others like Jehovah’s Witnesses and Evangelicals. Their culture and norms revolve around their religion. They have a tight-knit family unit. They have a high affinity for family and very often associate closely with extended members of family. They work very hard to find houses to live next to each other so that they can experience a family kind of atmosphere. The family is taken very seriously by this group and therefore a lot of effort is made to preserve it. Men see themselves as protectors and providers, thus take it on themselves to provide for the family. If they have a high traditional background, they will most probably take on the macho man image (Nauert, 2008). The main language spoken within the Mexican-American group is Spanish. The language is carried from their ancestry land, Mexico. Along with Spanish, they also have influenced the American musical landscape with their much popularized Salsa dancing. Mariachis and Corridos are also singing styles from these sectors that have gained popularity within the US (Kwintessentials; Mexican Americans, 2007). Their political and social influence is also evident. Within the entertainment industry, this group has produced musicians, actors and various other entertainers with the likes of Ricardo Montalban, Tish Hinjosa and Louis Valdez claiming ancestry from this category. In politics, the group has formed political lobbies which have helped push its cause. The racism that they have experienced can be partly held possible for the political organization that has been witnessed within their ranks. Chicano organizations have been important in the political and social organization of Mexican American community. Key government personalities like Bill Richardson also have their roots within this category (Mexican Americans, 2007). The Puerto Rican enjoys a different kind of status. This country is a semi-autonomous commonwealth of the US, thus every citizen of Puerto Rico is a citizen of America. They are therefore considered as legal immigrants of the US. Theoretically, they should therefore enjoy more political power than the other groups. However, on the political front, this group is less active. The early involvement in politics declined in the 1970s and 80s after the Young Lords political inspiration failed to be permanent (Sanchez, 211, 2007). Their inability to make themselves an economically powerful unit despite their large numbers in the early years has been a reflection of their inability to get a grasp of main stream politics. The Puerto Rican American culture is a blend of Spanish and West African slave culture set in the American social setting. The predominant religion is Catholic, attributed to their Spanish roots. They also have the spirit beliefs, attributed to the West African roots. Their culture is filled with superstition and social life is considered very important. They have a wide range of tropical sea cousin and consider food to be an important social tool. With celebrations such as Candlemas and Day of children, their culture is one of flamboyant outdoor celebrations, and makes use of costumes and parades (Green, 2008). Their social life follows that of other Latin American groups of tight family cohesion. There is also the patriarchal system of family administration where the men are responsible for provision and administration of the family affairs. These factors contribute to the high relations between extended family members, though this has been strained by economic factors (Green, 2008). This society also has accomplishments in music and entertainment. The popular raggaetone music traces its roots to this Island. Other prominent musicians and performers include Enrique Martin, known as Ricky Martin and Jennifer Lopez (Green, 2008). The other group is the Brazilian Americans. This group, as the name suggests, has its roots in the Portuguese influenced culture. Their local language of communication is Portuguese, though it also has African and Native American influences. The perception of this culture is one that praises leisure and recreation. This is because they have very flamboyant street parades, with the largest street parade being held in their home country. A replica of it happens at the same time in New Yorks Little Brazil since 1985 (Jefferson, 2008). The Brazilian culture is set in Catholic Christianity, although there are Spiritists found within the culture. The mother country is cited as being the worlds largest Catholic country. They have solemn celebrations tied to their religious obligations. One of them includes the Festa do Iemenja, a tribute to the Queen of the Sea. Their family life is somewhat more patriarchal, with those who immigrate finding it hard to keep their wives off employment, as is the tradition. However, like other Latin American cultures, the family unit is extended to the extended family. This culture makes the society more integrated. Their social parameters have not gone to the extent of political involvement. There are few facts that support the notion that American Brazilians are directly involved in mainstream politics (Jefferson, 2008). The contribution of this group toward entertainment is mainly in its parades and music. The popularity of Samba music and the lambada has further promoted the recreational value of the Brazilian culture. However, on the mainstream, their full impact is yet to be felt (Jefferson, 2008). Columbian Americans are another group. Brought to America mainly due to political influence, this group has been associated with New Havana in Miami. They speak Spanish traditionally due to their colonial roots with the Spaniards. It is used in the local social life within the households. The family life tends to be cohesive due to the immigrant nature of the group. The community is tight knit due to the exclusivity and pride of this group, wanting to maintain a separate status from the rest of the Latin American groups (Sturner, 2008). The family unit, as stated above, is closely tied like the other groups. The value of social networking is important to these people as it helps them find work among each other. The racial discrimination from the white and even black population has helped establish this network. The traditional patriarchal society has undergone change in the American society (Sturner, 2008). The social and festival life of this group is also vibrant. The group is tribute to having a high interest is soccer. It is also tributed with the dance style cumbia. Their celebrations are mainly religious oriented. The political influences of this group are not much. This is because they are more concerned with home politics back in their emigrant country at the expense of participation in American politics (Sturner, 2008). In summary, the traditions of the Latin America are highly related. They all have a common interest in music and dance, and the family structure is the same in general. However, differences exist in the political influences that these groups exert and their reasons for immigration into the US. Although they share the Spanish language, each has its own dialect and are in different levels in terms of social, political, and economic advancements. References Alphine J. , W. (2008) Brazilian Americans Sourced on 20 April 2009 http://www. everyculture. com/multi/A-Br/Brazilian-Americans. html Boricua S. , J R. , (2007) power: a political history of Puerto Ricans in the United States NYU Press, 2007 Derek G. , (2008) Puerto Rican Americans Sourced on 20 April 2009 http://www. everyculture. com/multi/Pa-Sp/Puerto-Rican-Americans. html Kwintessential Mexican American Culture Sourced on 20 April 2009 http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/articles/article/Mexico/Mexican-American-Culture/1140 Mexican Americans (2007) The Mexican Americans Sourced on 20 April 2009 http://www. mexicanamericans. com/TheMexicanAmericans. htm Rick N. , (5 June, 2008) Culture Influences Mexican-American Attitudes Sourced on 20 April 2009http://psychcentral. com/news/2008/06/05/culture-influences-mexican-american-attitudes/2411. html Sturner P. , S. , (2008) Columbian Americans, Sourced on 20 April 2009http://www. everyculture. com/multi/Bu-Dr/Colombian-Americans. html

An Unexpected Message from Our Past :: Barker Regeneration Essays

"An Unexpected Message from Our Past" Who decides that being different is a trait to be looked down upon? In the late 19th century, it was the English Parliament with the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Bill, specifically outlawing all forms of male homosexual expression. This law, combined with the already negative attitude surrounding the gay community before and after World War I, implied that homosexuality was something to be ridiculed and scorned. This trend unfortunately continues yet over a century later. Pat Baker's Regeneration, starting on page 54 and continuing throughout the novel, repeatedly uses a non-fictional character, Siegfried Sassoon, to exhibit the unnecessary hurt that homosexuals experienced throughout history, an angle that was often neglected when homosexuals were discussed one hundred years ago. Regeneration displays the conflict that many homosexuals are tormented by when deciding whether to live for themselves and their personal needs or whether to conform in order to blend in with socie ty. In the late 19th century, the purity movement was well underway in England. Serious efforts made by those involved in legislation were creating "a climate where immorality could be tackled seriously" (Mort 114). With the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Bill in 1885, the first steps were taken toward an "improved moral climate in the country" (Mort 129). While this new law included some positive improvements such as elevating the age of sexual consent for women from 13 to 16, a surprising addition was made just before the final vote was taken in Parliament. Henry Labouchere, a liberal in the House of Commons, introduced a clause "outlawing all forms of male homosexual contact" (Mort 129). The public embraced the addition and the "general negative attitude toward homosexuality" continued to grow with the law on its biased side as well (Robb 57). Ten years later, circumstances for homosexual males continued to look grim. On May 25, 1895, Oscar Wilde, a renowned playwright, was found guilty of engaging in homosexual activity and sentenced to the maximum punishment allowed: imprisonment for two years with hard labor. The judge, disgusted with Wilde, declared, "People who can do these things must be dead to all sense of shame," and he deemed the sentence inapt for such a vial criminal (Barger). In the years following, little change was made to ease the growing tension. When Edward Carpenter published his book The Intermediate Sex in 1909, he encouraged the acceptance and understanding of people with different sexual preferences and practices than those who found themselves in the majority.

An Analysis of the Kite Runner Essay

Introduction The Kite Runner is an extraordinary book, which reminds us how long the Afghani people have been struggling to triumph over the forces of violence. Because of the books strong story, we get an insight in how people might have experienced the crisis in Kabul, even though it’s been shown through a book. The author Khaled Hosseini was a practicing physician until after the book’s release. This was also his first novel, which was released in 2003 and turned out to be an international bestseller. Even though the story of The Kite Runner is fictional, it’s based on a true story and also on Hosseini’s memories of growing up in Kabul. This also means that the genre of the book is not a fictional novel (many look at it that way), but an historical novel. According to an article in USA Today, The Kite Runner has sold over 1. 4 million copies, which is a phenomenal sale for a first time author. The story tells of a friendship between two boys growing up in Kabul. Even though they were raised in the same household, Amir and Hassan are from two â€Å"different worlds†. While Amir is the son of a wealthy and respected man (Baba), Hassan is the son of the family servant (Ali). The most important factor in the story is the relationship between Amir and Hassan. Their intertwined lives and fate, shows that throughout the story even though, when their relationship was inseparable in the start. They still manage to become separated through jealousy. Five years later, during the Soviet occupation, Amir and Baba are forced to flee. They spend their new lives in California, and Amir starts a career as an author. Even though Amir thinks that he has escaped his past. He still cannot leave the memory of Hassan behind him. Setting The story uses two main settings. One is Afghanistan and the other is California. We could also say that the story is divided into three sections: the memories of pre-conflict Afghanistan, adjusting to life in America, and returning to Taliban controlled Afghanistan. There is big difference between these places. While Afghanistan used to be a safe and peaceful nation, their reputation completely changed after Taliban started controlling the country. The country is also portrayed as a demolished and deserted place, while California is shown as a way to escape their problems in Afghanistan. California will always be a much safer place to live, for both Amir and Baba, but Baba still misses Afghanistan, since he used to be wealthy and respected. He misses Kabul because in California, he is completely the opposite. He works at a gas station for many hours, and through the book we can feel that he misses almost everything about his previous home. It’s important to understand their struggle to adapt to their new home, because it shows how different Afghanistan is from California, and we also get a better understanding of the story. Structure and characters The Kite Runner starts with a nameless narrator, talking about his past and how it’s been affecting him for the last twenty-six years. The narrator also gives us clues to what might happen, and the troubles that will arise. After going through a few chapters, we get to know the main characters better and their problems. The characters that we first meet are Amir and Hassan. Amir is the narrator and the main character throughout the story. He is an Afghan man with a special childhood. Through most of his life Amir tries to redeem his reputation in the eyes of his father as he felt he was responsible for his mother’s death. He also wants to prove to his father that he isn’t a weakling, and want to become more like Hassan. Hassan is Amir’s best friend during his childhood and he is also his servant. Hassan is known for his loyalty and strong attachment to Amir. Later in the story, it’s revealed that Hassan is Amir’s brother. This means that Amir’s father had an affair with Ali’s wife, and that Hassan is actually his son. Hassan was also known for begin the best kite runner in Kabul. Baba is a wealthy and respected man, but becomes poor after he flees to America. His relationship with Amir is very turbulent, and he wants Amir to become like Hassan, strong and brave. Ali is Hassan’s father and Baba’s best friend. He is a Hazara, but he got the same characteristics as his son. Ali grew up together with Baba, just as Hassan and Amir did. He got a handicap as well; even though it doesn’t stop him from begin a loyal servant. Rahim Khan is Baba’s closest friend and one of the few people who know that Hassan is Amir’s brother. He is the one that calls Amir to go back to Afghanistan. Assef is a bully and is responsible for the rape of Hassan. This guy is also a fan of Hitler, which clearly makes him a sociopath. When he becomes an adult, he also joins the Taliban. He also has hatred towards the Hazara people, and likes to discriminate them. Soraya is Amir’s wife and has troublesome past. She also takes care of Baba, when he is sick and adopts Shorab without doubts. Sohrab is Hassan’s son. He also plays a major part in the book. Assef enslaves him after he is taken from the orphanage. Since Amir is the main character in the book, he also develops most of all the characters. We notice first that he slowly turns against Hassan, his anger and jealousy grows in one direction, even though Hassan doesn’t do anything wrong. The rape of Hassan is really an event that further separates their relationship. Since there is so much drama in this book, it doesn’t end yet. When the Soviet invades Afghanistan, Amir’s family flees to another country, unaware that they lose most of their wealth. For the first time they get a taste of how it is to be poor. Later in the book Amir gets a call from Rahim Khan and returns to Afghanistan. He finds out about Hassan’s son Sohrab, and is determined to bring him back home to America. Before he could save Sohrab, he had to face Assef. Getting beaten by Assef and saving Sohrab could be seen as a final way to redeem himself. This also made his guilt disappear. Themes and tones In this story, there are a lot of different themes we could discuss like example: bullying, friendship, guilt, betrayal, kite, honor, redemption, father and son relationship, man’s inhumanity to man, discrimination and loyalty. There is a lot of ethnic discrimination in Afghanistan and especially the conflict between the Pashtuns and the Hazara. The relationship between Pashtuns and Hazaras has never been stable; because Pashtuns are mostly Sunni Muslims and the Hazara are Shia Muslim. The Hazara has been discriminated mostly because of their faith, language and facial appearance. In the book Ali is loyal to Baba, because Baba’s father adopted Ali after his parents died. Since then Baba has always followed his father’s example and always been kind to the Hazara people. Guilt is also another theme that is brought up. After the rape of Hassan, Amir cannot bear to be around Hassan, because it reminds him of that day. He even lies to Ali, and says that nothing happened. The problem with Hassan is that he takes the blame for everything and he doesn’t want to hurt Amir. Even when Amir tells Hassan to hit him with the pomegranate, he refuses. When Hassan smashes the pomegranate on his own forehead, Amir’s guilt becomes even worse. In the end Amir makes Hassan and his father leave, and Hassan still considers Amir his best friend. The story is written in a way that it still affects you after your done reading. Even though it’s a dark story with a lot of hopelessness for the people in Afghanistan, there still is some hope and happiness. Honor is expressed in many different ways, but the quote â€Å"for you, a thousand times over† is a great example of how they express theirself. Conclusion The kite is a theme in the book that represents freedom, even though you’re not in fully in control of the kite’s fate. I think the theme describes the fate of Amir and how he develops throughout the book To me the story as said earlier is a historical novel, and not a fictional novel. This is because it’s based on a true story and experiences Hosseini had when he was growing up in Kabul. I as writer of this analysis is a Hazara, and I know what kind of suffering the Hazara people have went through. Sometimes I think that Hosseini might be Amir, but they sure do have some similarities. Links: * http://www. usatoday. com/life/books/news/2005-04-18-kite-runner_x. htm * http://www. gradesaver. com/the-kite-runner/study-guide/ * http://www. wikisummaries. org/The_Kite_Runner * http://polsci167. blogspot. com/2011/09/kite-runner-redemption-within-tentative. html.

The Gunpowder Empires Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal