Management Online Class - 275 Words

Management Online Class (Book Report Sample) Content: Management online classNameInstitutionManagement online classThe Blake and Mouton Leadership testThe scale for each of the components moves from one to nine. The leadership test is composed of 18 statements that requires a response of zero to five on the scale where the statement applies. After the scale I transferred the numerical answers to the scoring section. After calculation, I converted the scores into plots on the leadership grid. The results that I got on the grid were 7.8 as a team management style on leadership. I agree with the results because I like working in a team where each person is independent and they therefore are committed to accomplish a given task as expected.The Myers-Briggs test (MBTI)After the completion of the MBTI test: one obtains a 4-letter type formula on the strengths and description of the personality type; discover occupations as well as careers suitable with the personality; understand the personal learning and communication styles. The results from my test were INTJ, that is, moderate introversion preference over extraversion; slight preference of intuition over sensing; moderate preference of thinking over feelings and slight preference of judging over perceiving. I agree with the results because I like being in a situation where I can think and is not guided by feelings. Management Online Class - 275 Words Management Online Class (Book Report Sample) Content: Management online classNameInstitutionManagement online classThe Blake and Mouton Leadership testThe scale for each of the components moves from one to nine. The leadership test is composed of 18 statements that requires a response of zero to five on the scale where the statement applies. After the scale I transferred the numerical answers to the scoring section. After calculation, I converted the scores into plots on the leadership grid. The results that I got on the grid were 7.8 as a team management style on leadership. I agree with the results because I like working in a team where each person is independent and they therefore are committed to accomplish a given task as expected.The Myers-Briggs test (MBTI)After the completion of the MBTI test: one obtains a 4-letter type formula on the strengths and description of the personality type; discover occupations as well as careers suitable with the personality; understand the personal learning and communication styles. The results from my test were INTJ, that is, moderate introversion preference over extraversion; slight preference of intuition over sensing; moderate preference of thinking over feelings and slight preference of judging over perceiving. I agree with the results because I like being in a situation where I can think and is not guided by feelings.

Spanking Parents Must Decide - 1914 Words

Have you ever been spanked? Maybe smacked? We all have our own stories of how our parents disciplined us, we take them as funny stories and even joke about them. If you were born in the 90s, 80s, 70s, 60s, you already know what I’m talking about and I bet many stories already ran through your mind right now. But as we grew up and time passed by, there has been this dilemma about this method of parenting. [2] â€Å"Parents feel mixed-up and uncomfortable about disciplining their children†. Few parents in modern times do not trust this kind of act of physical punishment at home and they think that is detrimental for kids. Therefore, a good amount of parents are trying to make the government restrict the parents who spank from doing so. [2] By†¦show more content†¦Children can grow to be successful without the need of abuse or any kind of physical punishment. [2] Mark Wolraich, the head of the committee that wrote the discipline recommendations, defended the AAP anti-spanking stance. â€Å"It is because most parents spank that such a policy statement is needed. The AAP is not a police body that disallows child-rearing techniques. . . . Spanking was only one area addressed but stands out as one in need of change because of its ineffectiveness, side effects, and the frequency of its misuse.† In the other side, parents who agree argument that â€Å"Spanking is not laziness and it teaches children consequences for their actions† â€Å"disrespectful youth today shows what happens when necessary spanking is forgotten† â€Å"Parent first; friend second† â€Å"you cannot fix a tree after is already bent†, etc. This side argues that is effective when children are defiant and try to overthrow the authority or who controls the situation. They argue that they do it for the own child good and even thought it feels unpleasant (obviously) it will shape a conscious character for the future (if you use it correctly). For example, [2] the University of California, Berkeley, who followed healthy middle-class white families prospectively for 15 years, showed families where parents occasionally employed spanking (defined as one or two open swats on the bottom of a child between the ages of two and six) as one form of discipline within an otherwiseShow MoreRelate dSpanking a Child and Child Abuse1076 Words   |  5 PagesSpanking a child is not against the law in most places. However, parents who use it in their homes are being accused of child abuse. The Chicago Tribune published an article that urged readers to report child abuse when they become aware of it. In the article â€Å"Child abuse in plain View† the author describes spanking as a type of abuse that happens behind closed doors (â€Å"Child abuse in plain View†). Like most critics of corporal punishment, the author is trying to link spanking to abuse. The author`sRead MoreSpanking Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesSpanking has several effects on the children, which build numerous opinions among the people. Researchers have shown many positive and negative sides of physical punishment. There are several people that agree with spanking their children and there are others who are against punishing the children. Many of the parents who spank their children believe that sp anking is sometimes acceptable because they believe it will make a positive effect on their behavior. Spanking is used to correct children’sRead More Disciplinary Spanking Is Not Child Abuse Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesbeating, whipping, hitting, pinching, biting, or spanking. Spanking is the most used, traditional form of physical punishment, consisting in a beating applied on the buttocks. It involves striking the buttocks repeatedly, usually as a physical punishment, with an open hand. Spanking can also be implemented including belts, whips, rods, paddles, or any other household item. Educators and parents usually administer spankings to children. Spanking usually refers to a child lying, stomach downRead MorePhysical Discipline with Children1100 Words   |  4 PagesSpanking a child is not against the law in most places. However, parents who use it in their homes are being accused of child abuse. The Chicago Tribune published an article that urged readers to report child abuse when they become aware of it. In the article â€Å"Child abuse in plain View† the author describes spanking as a type of abuse that happens behind closed doors (â€Å"Child abuse in plain View†). Like most critics of corporal punishment, the author is trying to link spanking to abuse. The author`sRead MoreHistory of Spanking Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesnation Americans have wrestled about the topic of spanking children for discipline. We waver back and forth for a while it is okay and expected that we will discipline the children by using corporal punishment. Then every thing changes and for years it is no longer acceptable. It has been the subject of many heated debates and will continue to do so as long as we have parents and as long as they raise children. In the long run we will find out if spanking turned out to be an asset or a liability but forRead MoreDifferent Views of Discipline892 Words   |  4 PagesHitting, yelling, and spanking. Some people view these terms as examples of abuse. Others view them as different types of discipline that parents could use on their young children. For as long as I can remember, there has been great controversy regarding the difference between what is the correct type of discipline and what is not. Doing research, such as what I did prior to writing this paper, can help any parent decide what type of discipline will be most beneficial and least harmful to the childRead MoreChildren Should Be Punished For Their Children Essay2005 Words   |  9 Pageschildren get older and more curious, they often tend to find themselves in a bit of trouble. For parents, choosing the way in which they should punish their children can be a challenge. Some parents believe that spanking their children is the best approach. Other parents, however, believe that spanking their child is not correct and can cause problems for the child. That being said, for the most part, parents can agree that children need some sort of discipline. They may not agree on the exact way childrenRead More Effective Parenting-Early Development, Various Parenting Styles and Discipline1744 Words   |  7 Pages Parents act as the first teachers in a childs life. Both mothers and fathers can have very unique influences on their children. Mothers and fathers parent differently, however, both maternal and paternal figures are essential in healthy development. Together both parents teach their children many things including how to eat, walk, talk and underlying emotions such as love, trust and happiness. Oppositely parents may also t each their kids, often unknowing of the effects they are causing, distrustRead MoreDisciplining Your Child : Disciplining Children1093 Words   |  5 Pagesit can also be the punishment to correct disobedience. Being a parent isn’t the easiest thing to do, in fact it’s one of the most difficult task. As parents we are not given a handbook that guides us to making the right decision with our children. How we decide to discipline our children may not always be the right or correct way in disciplining them. There are even some children that may learn differently than others and some parents who choose to discipline their children one way versus anotherRead MoreAssault Or Discipline Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesforce being used on minors. Spanking, whipping, and paddling are among a few common references to this form of punishment. Physically disciplining children has had many names over the years. No matter which term is used, corporal punishment has a negative impact on every party involved. It is a widely used, socially accepted method of discipline. â€Å"Approximately 94% of three and four-year old children have been spanked in the past year (Slade Winssow 1321). Although spanking is a widespread practice

Feminism A Controversial Issue - 1304 Words

In recent discussions on Feminism, a controversial issue has been that the term itself attracts negative attention, despite its endless efforts towards equality for both genders. On one hand, some argue the word should be changed to a more appropriate term that doesn’t attract hostile viewpoints. On the other hand, others argue the word should remain the same, however, people should be educated on the actual intentions of feminism—and not base their understandings off of the recent misguided interpretations of the term. Although the awareness of feminism may seem of concern only to a small group of women, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about gender equality. Because of their recent fallacious ignorance towards the term, this generation should make modifications of their knowledge of Feminism and learn that it calls for equal rights for both men and women. Although I grant that all women want gender equality, I still maintain that women are rightfully reluctant to call themselves â€Å"feminists†, due to the misinterpretations of the term. One of the most widespread misinterpretations is that it encourages women to participate in â€Å"men bashing/ men hating†. This has caused most of the recent negative opinions that are surrounding feminism. In fear of being labeled as man-haters, women tend to shy away from the term. Several famous celebrities, such as Emma Watson and Beyoncà ©, are saying that they support feminism and decided to take on its negativity. In her UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Series Of The Family Produced By Norman Milton1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe series All in the Family produced by Norman Milton Lear from 1971-1979 is one of the most controversial and groundbreaking television shows ever created. The successful sitcom has covered many touchy subjects involving race, ethnicity, homosexuality, rape, and religious beliefs. Towards the end of the third season, episode 20 which was called â€Å"Archie is Branded†, aired on February 24th 1973 touched many subjects that were heavily debated on the fact of whether or not it was appropriate to airRead MoreAnalysis Of Gloria Steinem s Article Our Revolution Has Just Began 908 Words   |  4 PagesFeminism adheres to all humans, regardless of race, sex, religion or any other defining mark and in order for true equality to be reality, human’s as a whole must demand for it. Gloria Steinem’s article â€Å"Our Revolution Has Just Begun,† addresses the underlying truths of feminism and its never-ending movement towards total equality. My analysis will focus on Steinem’s arguments regarding the future, which lie ahead for women as well as feminism itself, these arguments include: the economic benefitsRead MoreGender Inequality And Relevant Social Norms959 Words   |  4 PagesConfronting culture shocks, ideo logical conflicts and shifts, some of them expresses their interest in feminism to me. Thus, I incorporated this theme into our curricular content. In doing so, I hope I can not only teach my students what it means to be a feminist, but also invite them to express their beliefs, values and needs. Similar to the previous session, conceptualizing and examining sexism and feminism also generated a lot of thoughtful discussion, such as the example shown below. Reflecting on myRead MoreThe Resistance Of Female Leadership1430 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the discrimination and that further research should be conducted to ferret out possible reasons. This study will fill the gap in the research regarding resistance to female clergy by examining the past to understand the present attitude of anti-feminism. Other researchers‘ studies help fill the gap such as that of Oesterheld, F. (2012), refutes the idea of authoritarian paternalism of women in early Christianity; Wallace, G. (2014a), mistranslations; Martin, D. (2013), the leadership of women inRead MoreThe Media And The Platform1548 Words   |  7 Pageswomen have suffered from the oppression of the patriarchal society we continue to live in today. Giving credit where it is due, I will say we have made an evident and beneficial progression as far as the essentialist views of feminism. There are many ways to promote feminism and emphasize the importance of progression—it is benefi cial for all. There are many ways to promote and encourage the movement as an individual however, having a platform would be more ideal. That being said, many celebritiesRead MoreEssay on Feminism and Modern Feminist Theory1068 Words   |  5 Pages Feminism is a body of social theory and political movement primarily based on and motivated by the experiences of women. While generally providing a critique of social relations, many proponents of feminism also focus on analyzing gender inequality and the promotion of womens rights, interests, and issues. Feminist theory aims to understand the nature of gender inequality and focuses on gender politics, power relations and sexuality. Feminist political activism campaigns on issues such asRead MoreGender Equality And The Movement For Women s Rights On A Global Scale1174 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are two controversial perceptions of the meaning of feminism and what feminists stand for. For many years, feminism is considered a series of mere actions exhorting for only women, which is anti-men and overaggressive. Recently, there is a gradual change in the understanding of what feminism is. It is all about the equality that every living human should be treated regardless of gender, race, religion or class. My essay will analyze in-depth the case study of Emma Watson’s feminism campaign, HeforSheRead MoreFeminism : Women s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Trifles, feminism is portrayed by the female characters in the book as well as the male characters. Feminism is defined as: the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men (â€Å"Feminism†). The female characters are represented in a way that highlights the best characteristics of females, which in turn gives the reader or viewer a strong sense of feminism. The male characters in the book such as: the police officers and the husband show malesRead MoreEquality Of Men And Women916 Words   |  4 PagesEmecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood (1979) will serve as a lens for African tradition in terms of motherhood and marriage, specifically in Nigeria. The recognition of the issues in African societies such as the controversial traditions surrounding motherhood and marriage helps women in Africa raise awareness on the importance of African feminism. In â€Å"African Womanism: An Afrocentric Theory† (1998), Nah Dove advocates for the importance in understanding the relationship between Europe and Africa in orderRead MoreFeminism : A Feminist Perspective1667 Words   |  7 PagesModern Feminism Before we begin, I want you to create a picture in your head. You read that there is going to be a feminist rally in your local city this afternoon. What does your mind picture? Lots of pink I’m sure. Who is there? Why, a bunch of women, of course! And what could they possibly want this time? I’ll let you keep that one to yourself. We all know that in today’s world, feminism is often seen as a joke. Just a bunch of white women prancing around with signs expressing their angst for

Hospitality Property and Facilities Management Hotel Developmental Ro

Question: Discuss about theHospitality Property and Facilities Management for Hotel Developmental Roles. Answer: Hotel Developmental Roles Although Property Development Managers, construction project managers, facilities managers and town planners are involved in hotel property development. The property development managers are responsible for management of personal property, tooling, equipment and capital assets. The property development managers are responsible for obtaining planning permission, organizing renovations or leasing property. The property developers are responsible for acquiring property and oversee the construction of industrial, residential and commercial structures (MacLaran, 2014). The property development managers are responsible for full and proper screening of the applicants criminal history, ability to pay. The property development manager also maintains necessary records for taxation and legal purposes. The property development managers are responsible for negotiating the purchase of land and managing the work of architects. The property development manager is responsible to prepare funding propo sals to the management. The site audits must be arranged and manages the design phase (MacLaran, 2014). Construction project managers supervise the construction projects from the beginning to the end. They are responsible for controlling the time, cost and quality of construction projects ranging from industries, residential and commercial to bridges, roads and schools. The managers are responsible to negotiate contracts with vendors, contractors and architects. They must also ensure that the project is completed within deadlines and all issues are resolved. The construction managers ensure that the building codes meet legal and regulatory requirements (MacLaran, 2014). He is also responsible for making the changes as required for resolving issues. The construction manager manages daily utilization and implementation. A single manager might oversee an entire construction project, or multiple managers might oversee specific aspects of a larger project. Managers can be self-employed or be employees of construction management companies, developers or property owners. The managers are also required to co-ordinate different levels of staff and train them (MacLaran, 2014). The facility manager plays multiple roles in health and safety, security, cleaning, fire safety, business continuity planning, testing and inspections, and space allocation. Facility manager department in an organization may lead to loss of business, injury, insurance claim and prosecution. Every organization faces several maintenance and security issues. The organizations aim to protect employees from injuries, damage or loss of lives. The facility manager is supposed to inspect, test and maintain the place with compliance certificates. The facility managers are also required to organize cleaning operations effectively (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The managers replenish consumables such as soap, toilet rolls, reactive response, litter picking and cleaning of toilets. The facility managers are responsible for ensuring safety through employee training, inspection and security. The managers are also responsible for maintaining cleanliness. The facility manager must ensure that the space in the building is utilized efficiently. Facility management is responsible for maintaining and providing appropriate assets that help in implementing effective operational safety policies. One of the critical jobs of the facility manager is to protect the workers from occupational hazards. The manager may evaluate the tasks and job sites. Accordingly, the facility manager may develop a comprehensive safety program (Reason, 2016). Town planners have several responsibilities. They are responsible for negotiating with the developers, architects and surveyors. They are responsible to specialize in a specific or particular field for working across a variety of areas. The town planners keep the legislation updated related with land use. They are responsible for designing layouts and drafting design statements. They develop original and creative planning for satisfying all the parties. They understand the population trends and the demand patterns. The town planners are responsible to prepare reports and plans from house extensions to international airports. They lay emphasis on the matters related to town and country planning. They also focus on transport plans and parking lot plans. They are responsible to schedule available resources to meet planning targets. They research and analyse data to help inform strategic developments, such as increases in affordable housing provision (Coaffee, 2013). Sustainability Sustainability can simply be defined as living within the limits. The organizations are increasingly integrating sustainability into their products, services and processes. Sustainability is a continuous process, and no matter how sustainable the assets are designed in the original construction, the maintenance needs to be continually improved. Sustainability in building and facility operations help in identifying goals and reducing environmental impact. Facilities involve office buildings, hospitals and warehouses. Several measures such as greening of buildings, recycling, energy efficiency and reduction of carbon footprints are several efforts that can be made in facilities (Yung, Chan, 2012). Sustainability in buildings and maintaining facilities involve sustainable practices in making the design and construction sites environmentally responsible. There shall be sustainability involved in every phase from site selection, designing, operations, construction, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. Sustainability shall help in understanding the interconnections between economy, society and environment. Sustainability shall help in improving overall efficiency in grounds, operations and buildings. The job of a facility manager is to maintain the grounds and building of an organization. They look after various business services or non-core functions. The limited and non-renewable resources usage can be reduced. The carbon footprint can be reduced and indoor environmental quality of existing as well as new buildings can be improved (Eichholtz, Kok, Quigley, 2013). Decisions such as this which are often made outside of any environmental assessment process can have a far greater impact on sustainability than decisions that designers are able to influence such as the form of the building and selection of materials. The facilities operations and maintenance must assure that the design and construction of facility is sustainable. Sustainability is necessary in operations and maintenance. The scope of operations and management include keeping the build environment, facilities, infrastructure, utility systems, roads, drainage structures, grounds and parking lots sustainable. A well build construction site should conserve energy, water and be resource efficient. The site must meet the comfort, safety and health requirements of the occupants in the building. The construction and operation of buildings affect the environment (Ahn et al., 2013). Although a building or construction site may choose to prioritize energy reduction, waste minimization, water conservation and integrated approach to maintenance and operations. Sustainable buildings improve the overall life cycle including maintenance, operations and disposal costs. Building design, operations and construction affect the health of occupants, community and natural resources. The health of the building occupants shall be directly affected based on the ventilation, location of toxins or wastes, airflow and pressure, management of emissions, choice of building materials and operational procedures. The access to daylight is another significant factor affecting staff productivity and health outcomes (Yung Chan, 2012). The health of surrounding community is also affected as the local water quality and air is affected by the choice of building designs. Off-gassing of building materials, exhausts emitting volatile organic compounds and fumes from construction equipment can cause allergies, respiratory issues and other illness. The transportation planning and thoughtful land use can influence the amount of toxic emissions released into the air and water. The healthy of natural resources and global community is also affected as the persistent carcinogens, toxic compounds and endocrine disruptors can threaten the communities where these materials and manufactured (Glavinich, 2013). The buildings life cycle, maintenance and operations must seek to purchase cleaning products and supplies that are bio-degradable in nature. The indoor air quality can be improved with the sustainable use of materials. The facilities can also use automated monitors and controls for temperature, water, moisture, ventilation, energy and waste. The waste must be reduced through reduction and recycling. High efficiency equipments and improving the tightness of the building are other ways to improve cycles. Green meeting practices can be implemented. The organic materials can be composted on-site. The environmental plan shall establish risk and mitigation measures (Kibert, 2012). Energy Audit An energy audit is a survey, inspection and systematic procedures that help in obtaining adequate knowledge of the energy consumption. An energy audit also helps in identifying the cost-effective opportunities. It is a process or system that helps in reducing the amount of energy input without adverse effect on the output. Energy audit might be the first step in identifying opportunities towards reducing carbon footprint and energy expenditure (Dall'O, 2013). The energy audit helps in making the place more efficient as one can measure the areas that require improvement. Audits alone do not save energy. The recommendations and necessary steps need to be followed for saving energy. The energy audit shall provide detailed guide as to what specific improvements are needed that would help in saving energy. The houses as well as workplaces suffer from issues where they do not realize that problems are energy related. The energy audit shall help in making the owners realize the ways in which energy is inefficiently utilized (Fleiter, Schleich, Ravivanpong, 2012). The energy audit is connected to cost, time, phasing and reporting characteristics. The reporting of an energy audit is closely connected to the thoroughness, cost and audit work. The main options of the energy audit reporting are: very light reporting, simple savings oriented reporting, and detailed technical reporting. The light reporting shall list or introduce the main results in the summary. The simple-savings reporting shall be enlisting slightly detailed view of the energy audit results. The detailed technical reporting shall include the background information on energy using systems. An energy audit helps in understanding the behaviour and usage pattern of the appliances. The energy audit may cover a site or building in multiple ways. Energy audit can be used for different purposes for pointing out the areas where energy can be saved (Krarti, 2016). An energy audit programme may not work efficiently if the audit models are not clearly defined. The auditor must always listen t o the opinions of the client groups (Annunziata, Rizzi, Frey, 2014). A few benefits of energy audit are lower energy bills and increased energy savings. Certain cost-effective measures shall help in prioritizing the cost-effective measures to make the place more efficient. Energy audit can also help in improving the comfort level by detecting air leakage issue that may be creating an unhealthy and uncomfortable environment. The audit help in identifying the place of leakage and cost effective sealing options can be provided (Krarti, 2016). With the annual decrease in energy costs, the market value of the site shall increase. A site may experience unknown problems such as improper ventilation leading to growth of mildew or mould. Energy audit shall help in protecting the environment as the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced. The above benefits can justify the investment in energy audits (Resnet, 2016). For example, an energy audit is performed at an organization. The audit results revealed an envelope breach leading to energy wastage. The breach shall create negative pressure in the organization. The energy audit identified the discrepancy that must be fixed following a few techniques. The incandescent lights can be replaced with the new fluorescent lights. The appliances must always be turned off when they are not in use. These measures can help in saving energy by turning off even the smallest appliances when they are not connected (Greenchipstocks.com, 2016). Safety Safety culture is positive when the employees believe safety as a key value and equally important to productivity and quality during the business cycle. The job of a facility manager is to maintain the grounds and building of an organization. They look after various business services or non-core functions. A few core competencies of a facility manager is to manage communication, project management, emergency preparedness, operations and maintenance, technology, renovation projects, safety inspection and waste reduction improvements. Precisely, the facility managers operate at two levels: operational level and strategic level. At the operational level, the facility managers ensure corporate and cost effective environment (Barrett Baldry, 2013). The facility manager plays multiple roles in health and safety, security, cleaning, fire safety, business continuity planning, testing and inspections, and space allocation. Facility manager department in an organization may lead to loss of business, injury, insurance claim and prosecution. Every organization faces several maintenance and security issues. The organizations aim to protect employees from injuries, damage or loss of lives. The facility manager is supposed to inspect, test and maintain the place with compliance certificates. The facility managers are also required to organize cleaning operations effectively. The managers replenish consumables such as soap, toilet rolls, reactive response, litter picking and cleaning of toilets (Barrett Baldry, 2013). Facility management is responsible for maintaining and providing appropriate assets that help in implementing effective operational safety policies. One of the critical jobs of the facility manager is to protect the workers from occupational hazards. The manager may evaluate the tasks and job sites. Accordingly, the facility manager may develop a comprehensive safety program (Barrett Baldry, 2013). For many people, facility manager is a one-stop person. Life safety and fire is perhaps the most important area as they have knowledge about the operations, testing and inspection and policies and procedures. A safe environment is necessary to work in through proactive training, awareness and standard operating procedures. A facility manager at least knows about the sprinkler system, emergency planning, fire drills and storage practices. The facility managers develop and direct loss prevention strategies and obligations. The facility managers are responsible to support line managers for c omplying with legislation and continually improving performance. The facility managers are also responsible for directing and defining development of strategic health and safety environmental policies (Reason, 2016). There are a few concepts that are appropriate for facility managers and would help in maintaining safety. Firstly, the facility managers can conduct environmental scanning by analysing global trends and economic forecasting. The environmental scanning shall help in meeting the environmental challenges. Secondly, through scenario planning a strategic path can be created for developing outcome. Facility management looks after multiple disciplines for ensuring functionality by integrating place, people, technology and processes. Thirdly, facility management creates strategic paths and measures strategic adjustment (Atkin Brooks, 2012). Every organization must mention the defined plan of action as health and safety is the joint responsibility of management. Every employer intends to maintain a safe and healthy workplace for its employees. The organizations have their own way of doing things. The successful health and safety systems have committed managers that help in making the program work (Reason, 2016). The above factors are evident to say that safety is consistent with good business sense. Safety is necessary at all levels and functions of an organization such as planning, production, purchase, distribution and financial aspects. Safety must not be viewed as a separate function of aspect of business. It must be integrated with the multiple functions and must be taken care of regularly and continually. During the business planning cycle, safety must be integrated with every single function or activity that shall be performed by the workers (Reason, 2016). References Ahn, Y. H., Pearce, A. R., Wang, Y., Wang, G. (2013). Drivers and barriers of sustainable design and construction: The perception of green building experience.International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development,4(1), 35-45. Annunziata, E., Rizzi, F., Frey, M. (2014). Enhancing energy efficiency in public buildings: The role of local energy audit programmes.Energy Policy,69, 364-373. Atkin, B. Brooks, A. (2012). Total facilities management. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Barrett, P. Baldry, D. (2013). Facilities management. Osney Mead, Oxford, OX: Blackwell Science. Coaffee, J. (2013). Towards next-generation urban resilience in planning practice: from securitization to integrated place making.Planning Practice Research,28(3), 323-339. Dall'O, G. (2013).Green Energy Audit of Buildings. Springer London. Eichholtz, P., Kok, N., Quigley, J. M. (2013). The economics of green building.Review of Economics and Statistics,95(1), 50-63. Fleiter, T., Schleich, J., Ravivanpong, P. (2012). Adoption of energy-efficiency measures in SMEsan empirical analysis based on energy audit data from Germany.Energy Policy,51, 863-875. Glavinich, T. (2013).Contractor's guide to green building construction. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Greenchipstocks.com,. (2016).Example of a Home Energy Audit.Greenchipstocks.com. Retrieved 23 June 2016, from https://www.greenchipstocks.com/report/example-of-a-home-energy-audit/369 Kibert, C. (2012).Sustainable construction. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Krarti, M. (2016).Energy audit of building systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. MacLaran, A. (2014).Making space: property development and urban planning. London: Arnold. Manuele, F. (2013).On the practice of safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Reason, J. (2016).Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate. Resnet,. (2016).Home Energy Audit Benefits | RESNET.RESNET. Retrieved 23 June 2016, from https://www.resnet.us/home-energy-audit-benefits Yung, E. H., Chan, E. H. (2012). Implementation challenges to the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings: Towards the goals of sustainable, low carbon cities.Habitat International,36(3), 352-361.

Performance Related Pay free essay sample

Performance-related pay (PRP) is a financial rewarding system that links pay awarded to the work output of employees (CIPD, 2013). It is connected directly to individual, group and organisational performance (Armstrong, 2005). In the late 1980s and early 1990s, performance pay scheme became prevalently used in both private and public sectors in UK organisations, where it is perceived to be a motivation tool. 2. Theories about PRP As Thorpe and Homan (2000), the role of incentive pay in employee motivation nearly sets up on psychological theories. Locke and Latham (2004) define motivation as internal factors that impel action and to external factors that can act as inducements to action. The theories of motivation provide a solid theoretical basis for the study of the use of financial rewards for stimulating employees to higher levels of performance for the achievements of organizational objectives (Schuler, 1998). Expectancy theory and equity theory offer the fundaments for performance-related pay. 2. 1 Expectancy theory Expectancy theory is relied on expectations that people bring with them to the work situation, and the context and the way in which these expectations are satisfied. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance Related Pay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In other words, there is greater scope to understand how employees may require to be treated differently and to interpret why employees do not necessarily respond in a mechanical way to changes in, for example, the level of pay (CIPD, 2013). Vroom’s expectancy theoryVIE assists to understand the motivation through three elements: †¢expectancy – Employees perceived that they possessed the necessary skills to do their jobs at least adequately; †¢instrumentality– Employees perceived that if they performed their jobs well, or at least adequately, they would be rewarded; †¢valence – Employees perceived the rewards offered for successful job performance to be attractive (Arnold and Randall et al, 2010). According to the expectancy theory, money is a significant motivator for most people, and in order to get or secure a higher base salary or some form f bonus payment, we will normally change our behaviour and attitude, directing or increasing effort in a specific direction. Tying pay to specific performance can ensure people are motivated to increase their efforts and performance and ensure performance outcomes are met (Mikovich and Newman, 2005). 2. 3 Equity theory Another psychologic al thinking that is relevant is equity. Equity theorists claim that people seek balance between their inputs and the reward outcomes. The predictions of equity theory are less often supported by research when people receive than their shares, as opposed to when they receive fewer (Mowday, 1991). In other words, employees are more likely to do something in response to feeling under-rewarded than over-rewarded. Equity theory focuses on perceptions of fairness in the workplace, including distributive justice—that is, whether people believe they have received (or will receive) fair rewards; procedural justice—reflects whether people believe that the procedures used in an organization to allocate rewards are fair; interactional justice—refers to whether people believe they are treated in an appropriate manner by others at work, especially authority figures (Arnold, 2010). When people in an organization feel they have been treated justly, they will be more willing to be ‘good citizen’ at work (Liden et al, 2003). While the motivation to perform ‘good citizen’ behaviours are enhanced by a sense of justice (Arnold, 2010). However, Adams argued that whether the input and reward are in balance is determined on the basis of feelings/perceptions compared with others in relation to social norms. 3. Models In relation to the relationship between pay and performance, pay can be related to individual, the working group or orgnisation performance (Brown and Heywood, 2002). 3. 1 Individual PRP An individual performance-related pay system is â€Å"usually involve payment which is integrated into base salary either in the form of a percentage increase or additional increments on a pay scale† (Kessler, 2005). Individual PRP relates reward on an assessment of the employee’s work performance. It assumes that the differences between individuals are measurable so that retention of high quality employees who wish to enjoy high performance reward is increased (Gerhart and Rynes, 2003). In addition, adopting pay incentives will stimulate employees’ better behaviours that will improve work performance and thus, improve organizational performance. Also, employees are motivated to create more efficient methods to boost productivity. However, individual PRP has negative impacts which may de-motivate employees. It assesses the individual’s performance through using qualitative judgments, therefore bias and unfairness coming from performance appraisal is unavoidable by appraisers’ subjectivity. Moreover, Harris’s research (2001) shows that over half of the management failed to understand the â€Å"value system† of PRP, which in turn made inaccurate judgments on performance. 3. 2 Team PRP Team-based performance-related pay schemes include variable pay which depends on the performance of a team. The aim is to consolidate the team through incentives, establishing a united, mutually supporting team with a high level of involvement (Acas). Meanwhile, team-based pay motivates less effective employees and serves as an incentive for the whole team to improve. There are also potential disadvantages of team-based PRP. In contrast to individual PRP, peer pressure is heavy and result in consistence instead of creativity. Subsequently, bullying or harassment will be resulted from individuals who are perceived to be under-contributing. On the other hand, an amount relies on the underlying magnitude of the free rider problem, whereby team members expect others to accomplish the extra workload to increase team PRP. The greater the concern about some employees’ free-riding, the less will pay be linked to team PRP for the total team input into the production process is reduced (Robert, 2007). 3. 3 Organisation PRP Organizational PRP associates with larger groups than teams, like manufactory and company. The universal PRP schemes for organization level relied on profit-sharing and gain-sharing, or alternatively on dividends of employee-owned shares and change in share value. Hence, employees are able to share such financial participation as profit or share ownership, and are more directly responsible for the project’s success. The firm PRP system is effective as the workforce is aware of their contribution. Besides, employees can participate in organizational control and show greater commitment to the organization. Drawbacks come along with organization PRP benefits. The motivation value of implementing such a scheme is relatively weak. On one side, the added-value systems like profit-sharing involves complicated information and rules and thus employees will feel confused with them. On the other side, the bonus payments are usually available with a delay of several months or years and sometimes combined with other indicators of firm-level performance such as sales, productivity, amount of cost saved and etc. 4. Evidence The tables are from the 1998 Workplace Employee Relation Survey (WERS) (McNabb and Whitfield, 2007). Table 1: Impact of performance related pay, employee and financial participation on individual earnings PRP acts as a motivational tool that attracts workers to perform higher competency and induce employees to pay greater effort. Table one supports this point, showing that workplaces that exert any type of PRP schemes pay higher than those that do not. Among them, individual PRP only makes the most contribution to earnings by comparison with the team and organizational PRP only. Nevertheless, the only single scheme impact is far behind that of combined application of two or more types. Earnings are highest in workplaces where firms adopt a combination of individual and workgroup-based or organizational PRP schemes, as can be seen from the column three. Table 2: Interaction effects Along with, the impact of PRP on pay is strongly controlled by the joint of financial participation. As can be seen from table two, earning is relatively high where PRP co-operate with employee share-ownership. PRP is not only backed up by employers, but also by governments to promote employee financial participation through a range of fiscal incentives. For instance, the UK’s new Share Incentive Plan requires employees to leave their shares in trust for a minimum of five years to avail of tax relief. . Conclusion In conclude, PRP is one of the main financial incentives to motivate employees on the basis of expectancy theory. If PRP is designed and implement efficiently and measured fairly, positive impacts will be appeared on employees’ performance. Earnings are paid higher when organization applies PRP and highest when uses a combination of individual and team or organisational PRP. In spite of this, there is no optimal approach to PRP, an d in practice each model has its own advantages and disadvantages. Individual PRP works best where employee decision-making processes centered on jobs, whereas group-based PRP works best where employees are involved in making decisions about their work-roles in their broader context (Delbridge and Whitfield, 2001). Different organizations should undertake different PRP to suit its own situation. And schemes need to be tailored with the management strategy and organisational culture, such as the organization that demands team work would not be appropriate to establish individual PRP system.

Free Essays on Planet Comparison- Uranus And Neptune

Planet Comparison Report Uranus: Uranus was discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel. He at first wanted to name the planet Sidus Georgium which is latin for George’s star after the king of England. Another astronomer Johann Bode advised Herschel against it and suggested instead that he use a name from Greco-Roman mythology like all other planets. So Uranus was given its name which is the father of Saturn. Uranus is one of the Jovian planets and like the others it has a short rotation period. Uranus’s day is 17.2 hours. Its revolution around the sun however is slightly more than 84 years. It is the seventh planet from the sun at a distance of 1.78 billion miles. Uranus is about 4 times the diameter of earth at 46,700km. Its mass is 15 times that of earth at 8.68*10 kg. The axial tilt of this planet is one of the most unusual things about it. It is tilted 98 degrees which classifies it as being in retrograde rotation. Uranus is also unique because it has the most inclined magnetic field. The surface magnetic field is 74 percent that of the earth. The surface gravity on Uranus is 8.87 m/s ². The atmosphere of Uranus is thick with a lot of hydrogen, helium, and methane. It has a very low density, the mean density is 1271 kg/m ³. Uranus lacks any really significant internal heat source and it mean surface temperature is 58 ° K. To date Uranus has been found to have 21 satellites four of which have yet to be named and 11 rings. News Articles: From: Regulatory Intelligence Data. Title: Release 99-47 Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus From Winter Hibernation Date: 03/29/99 NASA’s Hubble Space telescope showed that for the first time seasonal changes on Uranus. From: ScienceNOW Title: New moon for Uranus Date: 05/19/99 A new moon was discovered for Uranus that had previously been overlooked for 13 years. As of 1999 this discovery brought the total of Uranus’s satellites to 18. Neptu... Free Essays on Planet Comparison- Uranus And Neptune Free Essays on Planet Comparison- Uranus And Neptune Planet Comparison Report Uranus: Uranus was discovered in 1781 by Sir William Herschel. He at first wanted to name the planet Sidus Georgium which is latin for George’s star after the king of England. Another astronomer Johann Bode advised Herschel against it and suggested instead that he use a name from Greco-Roman mythology like all other planets. So Uranus was given its name which is the father of Saturn. Uranus is one of the Jovian planets and like the others it has a short rotation period. Uranus’s day is 17.2 hours. Its revolution around the sun however is slightly more than 84 years. It is the seventh planet from the sun at a distance of 1.78 billion miles. Uranus is about 4 times the diameter of earth at 46,700km. Its mass is 15 times that of earth at 8.68*10 kg. The axial tilt of this planet is one of the most unusual things about it. It is tilted 98 degrees which classifies it as being in retrograde rotation. Uranus is also unique because it has the most inclined magnetic field. The surface magnetic field is 74 percent that of the earth. The surface gravity on Uranus is 8.87 m/s ². The atmosphere of Uranus is thick with a lot of hydrogen, helium, and methane. It has a very low density, the mean density is 1271 kg/m ³. Uranus lacks any really significant internal heat source and it mean surface temperature is 58 ° K. To date Uranus has been found to have 21 satellites four of which have yet to be named and 11 rings. News Articles: From: Regulatory Intelligence Data. Title: Release 99-47 Huge Spring Storms Rouse Uranus From Winter Hibernation Date: 03/29/99 NASA’s Hubble Space telescope showed that for the first time seasonal changes on Uranus. From: ScienceNOW Title: New moon for Uranus Date: 05/19/99 A new moon was discovered for Uranus that had previously been overlooked for 13 years. As of 1999 this discovery brought the total of Uranus’s satellites to 18. Neptu...

How effective are Business Intelligence (BI) tools for supporting Essay

How effective are Business Intelligence (BI) tools for supporting decision-making - Essay Example Includes database and application technologies, as well as analysis practices. Sometimes used synonymously with "decision support," though business intelligence is technically much broader, potentially encompassing knowledge management, enterprise resource planning, and data mining, among other practices. ...† (csumb, 2011) Trying to interpret the actual meanings of the term ‘intelligence’ and how it is evolved would give us a better understanding into the terminology of business intelligence itself. Generally, intelligence refers to the ability to understand, learn and evolve. Intelligence develops with every learning experience and input of every kind of information. Basic intelligence, when deployed in business environment is referred to as business intelligence. THE DISCUSSION: The capacity of human beings to incorporate prior instinctive and experience based knowledge to execute processes in order to achieve a particular objective is termed as intelligence. It ’s a virtual entity that encompasses all logical horizons. Business is also one of the natural and logical processes. Logic can be defined as a set of rules that governs executions. To discriminate a process as being logical or illogical one needs to be intelligent. This new perspective about intelligence gives a much understandable definition of Business Intelligence. BI would now be defined as, the capacity that enables businessmen to differentiate logical and illogical executions in a business.. This definition presents Business Intelligence as an umbrella that covers almost all the tasks performed under the tag of ‘businesses’. This paper emphasizes on the same notion with the discussion of multiple top notch business terms namely... The capacity of human beings to incorporate prior instinctive and experience based knowledge to execute processes in order to achieve a particular objective is termed as intelligence. It’s a virtual entity that encompasses all logical horizons. Business is also one of the natural and logical processes. Logic can be defined as a set of rules that governs executions. To discriminate a process as being logical or illogical one needs to be intelligent. This new perspective about intelligence gives a much understandable definition of Business Intelligence. BI would now be defined as, the capacity that enables businessmen to differentiate logical and illogical executions in a business.. This definition presents Business Intelligence as an umbrella that covers almost all the tasks performed under the tag of ‘businesses’. This paper emphasizes on the same notion with the discussion of multiple top notch business terms namely sales forecasting, market research and knowledg e management. The association of business intelligence with sales forecasting, knowledge management and Market Research brings new meanings to this seemingly simple business term. It is attempted to take a general look at the basic definitions of each of the above mentioned terms before looking at their comparative involvements and meanings.